Chapter 25 The Fetal Face And Neck

Question 1

The nuchal fold measurement is typically obtained:

Answer 1

Between 15 weeks and 21 weeks

Question 2

The condition in which there is no nose and a proboscis separating two close-set orbits is:

Answer 2

Ethmocephaly

Question 3

A small mandible is termed:

Answer 3

Micrognathia

Question 4

______is also referred to as trisomy 21?

Answer 4

Down syndrome

Question 4

The thickness of the nuchal fold in the second trimester should not exceed:

Answer 4

6mm

Question 5

Fusion of the orbits is termed:

Answer 5

Cyclopia

Question 6

At what level is the nuchal fold measurement obtained:

Answer 6

Cavum septum pellucidum

Question 7

An abnormal division in the lip is referred to as:

Answer 7

Cleft lip

Question 8

_______does not affect the orbits

Answer 8

Epignathus

Question 9

Close-set eyes and a nose with a single nostril is termed:

Answer 9

Cebocephaly

Question 10

______is also referred to as Patau syndrome

Answer 10

Trisomy 13

Question 11

The growth disorder syndrome synonymous with organ, skull, and tongue enlargement is:

Answer 11

Beckwith Wiedermann syndrome

Question 12

A group of abnormalities associated with the entrapment of fetal parts and fetal amputations is:

Answer 12

Amniotic band syndrome

Question 13

A large, mostly cystic mass containing a thick, midline septation is noted in the cervical spine region of a fetus. Most likely represents:

Answer 13

Cystic Hygroma

Question 14

______is a benign congenital neck cysts found most often near the angle of the mandible?

Answer 14

Branchial cleft cysts

Question 15

The measurement obtained between the lateral walls of the orbits is referred to as the:

Answer 15

Binocular diameter

Question 16

Facial anomalies, when discovered, should prompt the sonographer to analyze the brain closely for sign of:

Answer 16

Holoprosencephaly

Question 17

An unusual protuberance of the tongue is termed:

Answer 17

Macroglossia

Question 18

An absent or hypoplastic nasal bone is most likely associated with:

Answer 18

Trisomy 21

Question 19

The most common location of a cystic hygroma is within the:

Answer 19

Neck

Question 20

Micrognathia is a condition found in:

Answer 20

Trisomy 18

Question 21

Nuchal thickening is most commonly associated with:

Answer 21

Down syndrome

Question 22

________may also be referred to as turner syndrome?

Answer 22

Monosomy X

Question 23

______would most likely involve the development of a cystic hygroma?

Answer 23

Turner syndrome

Question 24

A cystic hygroma is the result of:

Answer 24

An abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid within the soft tissue

Question 25

The optimal scan plane to visualize micrognathia is:

Answer 25

Sagittal

Question 26

An increase distance between the orbits is referred to as:

Answer 26

Hypertelorism

Question 27

There is a definite link between microtia and what syndrome?

Answer 27

Down syndrome

Question 28

An oral teratoma is referred to as:

Answer 28

Epignsthus

Question 29

Macroglossia is most commonly found with:

Answer 29

Beckwith wiedemann syndrome

Question 30

The most common cause of hypertelorism is:

Answer 30

Anterior cephalocele

Question 31

The fetal lip typically closes by:

Answer 31

8 weeks

Question 32

What is the term for a smaller than normal ear?

Answer 32

Microtia

Question 33

The most frequently encountered chromosomal abnormality associated with holoprosencephaly is:

Answer 33

Trisomy 13

Question 34

An increased nuchal fold is most likely associated with:

Answer 34

Trisomy 21

Question 35

A reduction in the distance between the orbits is referred to as:

Answer 35

Hypotelorism

Question 36

The absence of the eyes is termed:

Answer 36

Anophthalmia

Question 37

The isolated enlargement of the fetal thyroid is referred to as:

Answer 37

Fetal goiter

Question 38

Nuchal translucency measurement can be taken between _______weeks

Answer 38

11 and 13

Question 39

Nuchal fold is typically measured anywhere between______ weeks

Answer 39

15 and 21

Question 40

_______is a measurement taken in the second trimester of the skin on the posterior aspect of the fetal neck

Answer 40

Nuchal fold thickness

Question 41

______results in an abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid within the soft tissue

Answer 41

Cystic hygroma

Question 42

The most common location of a cystic hygroma is within the:

Answer 42

Neck

Question 43

______is a small mandible and recessed chin

Answer 43

Micrognathia

Question 44

______is defined as an unusual protuberance of the tongue

Answer 44

Macroglossia

Question 45

Small ears are referred to as ______and have a strong link with down syndrome

Answer 45

Microtia

Question 46

An increase distance between the orbits is referred to as:

Answer 46

Hypertelorism

Question 47

A reduction in the distance between the orbits is referred to as:

Answer 47

Hypotelorism

Question 48

______is a decreased in the size of the eye:

Answer 48

Microphthalmia

Question 49

A fetal goiter can be the cause of:

Answer 49

*Overtreatment of maternal grave disease
*Iodine deficiency
*Hypothyroidism

Question 50

Sonographic findings of Cystic hygroma

Answer 50

1. Cystic neck mass divided in the midline by a thick fibrous band of tissue
2. The mass may contain smaller cystic areas with internal septations