Chapter 3 Grammar Flashcards
Noun の前 (に) / the dictionary form of verbs + 前 (に) DEFINITION AND CONJUGATION:
The particle に to express time is optional with 〜前. As it can be used as a topic, 前 can be combined with は as in 前は or 前には.
Noun + の + 前 or the DICTIONARY FORM of a verb + 前.
Indicates that the event in the 前 clause was NOT COMPLETED before the performance of the event in the MAIN CLAUSE. Because of this, it must ALWAYS be PLAIN FORM.
従業の前に、話があります。
I have to talk to you before class.
ひっこしの前に、くるまをなおします。
I will fix the car before moving.
しけんの前は、あまり寝られない。
I cannot sleep well before an exam.
旅行に行く前には、計画をたてた方がいいですよ。
You should make plans before you go on a trip.
店がしまる前に、買いに行こう。
Let’s go shopping before the stores close.
卒業する前に、やりたいことがある。
I have something that I want to do before graduation.
結婚する前に、家を買いたいです。
I want to buy a house before getting married.
結婚する前に、家を買いました。
I bought a house before getting married.
前 (に) + 後 (で) NOTES - Particle が:
If the subject of the subordinate clause is different from the main clause, it must be marked with the particle が.
母が来る前に、へやをそうじしました。
I cleaned my room before my mother came.
この会場には、前に来たことがあります。
I have come to this meeting place before.
あの湖は、前はとてもきれいだった。
This lake was once very clean.
Noun の後 (で) / the plain past affirmative form of verbs + 後 (で) DEFINITION AND CONJUGATION:
The particle で to express time is optional with 〜後. Because it can be used as a topic, 後 can be combined with は as in 後は or 後では.
Noun + の + 後 or the PLAIN PAST TENSE of a verb + 後
Indicates that the action in the 後 clause WAS COMPLETED before the event in the MAIN CLAUSE.
後 can be used independently, with no clause.
そうべつかいの後で、引っ越した。
I moved after the farewell party.
創業式のあとで、友達と写真を撮った。
I took a picture with my friend after the graduation ceremony.
日本にりゅうがくした後で、その人と会った。
I met the person after I went to Japan on a study abroad program.
しゅうしょくた後で、けっこんしたい。
I want to get married after I get a job.
木山:小山さんの送別会、行った?
キム:うん、バイトがおわったあとで行ったから、少しおそくなったけど。
Kiyama: Did you go to Ms. Koyama’s farewell party?
Kim: Yeah, but I was a bit late because I went after I got off work from my part-time job.
田中さんは、子供が生まれた後で、仕事をはじめた。
Mr. Tanaka started working after his child was born.
はたらいた後で飲むビールはとてもおいしい。
Beer after work is delicious
後で来て下さい。
Please come later.
Talking about preparations using 〜ておく DEFINITION AND CONJUGATION:
The て-form of the verb + おく is used when someone does something for a FUTURE PURPOSE or leaves the current state as is for a future purpose.
〜ておく conjugates as an う-verb
〜ておく becomes ~とく in casual speech
しゅうしょくする前に、しょうらいのけいかくを立てておいたほうがいいですよ。
You should make plans for your future before you start looking for a job.