Chapter 29

Question 1

acromioclavicular (AC) joint

Answer 1

A simple joint where the bony projections of the scapula and the clavicle meet at the top of the shoulder

Question 2

articular cartilage

Answer 2

A pearly layer of specialized cartilage covering the articular surfaces (contact surfaces on the ends) of bones in synovial joints

Question 3

calcaneus

Answer 3

The heel bone

Question 4

closed fracture

Answer 4

A fracture in which the skin is not broken

Question 5

compartment syndrome

Answer 5

An elevation of pressure within a closed fascial compartment, characterized by extreme pain, decreased pain sensation, pain on stretching of affected muscles, and decreased power; frequently seen in fractures below the elbow or knee in children

Question 6

crepitus

Answer 6

A grating or grinding sensation or sound caused by fractured bone ends or joints rubbing together

Question 7

dislocation

Answer 7

Disruption of a joint in which ligaments are damaged and the bone ends are completely displaced

Question 8

displaced fracture

Answer 8

A fracture in which bone fragments are separated from one another and not in anatomic alignment

Question 9

ecchymosis

Answer 9

Bruising or discoloration associated with bleeding within or under the skin

Question 10

fibula

Answer 10

The outer and smaller bone of the two bones of the lower leg

Question 11

fracture

Answer 11

A break in the continuity of a bone

Question 12

glenoid fossa

Answer 12

The part of the scapula that joins with the humeral head to form the glenohumeral joint

Question 13

hematuria

Answer 13

Blood in the urine

Question 14

joint

Answer 14

The place where two bones come into contact

Question 15

nondisplaced fracture

Answer 15

A simple crack in the bone that has not caused the bone to move from its normal anatomic position; also called a hairline fracture

Question 16

open fracture

Answer 16

Any break in a bone in which the overlying skin has been damaged

Question 17

pelvic binders

Answer 17

Used to splint the bony pelvis to reduce hemorrhage from bone ends, venous disruption, and pain

Question 18

point tenderness

Answer 18

Tenderness that is sharply localized at the site of the injury, found by gently palpating along the bone with the tip of one finger

Question 19

position of function

Answer 19

A hand position in which the wrist is slightly dorsiflexed and all finger joints are moderately flexed

Question 20

reduce

Answer 20

Return a dislocated joint or fractured bone to its normal position; set

Question 21

retroperitoneal space

Answer 21

The space between the abdominal cavity and the posterior abdominal wall, containing the kidneys, certain large vessels, and parts of the gastrointestinal tract

Question 22

sciatic nerve

Answer 22

The major nerve to the lower extremities; controls much of muscle function in the leg and sensation in most of the leg and foot

Question 23

sling

Answer 23

A bandage or material that helps to support the weight of an injured upper extremity

Question 24

splint

Answer 24

A flexible or rigid appliance used to protect and maintain the position of an injured extremity

Question 25

sprain

Answer 25

A joint injury involving damage to supporting ligaments, and sometimes partial or temporary dislocation of bone ends

Question 26

strain

Answer 26

Stretching or tearing of a muscle; also called a muscle pull

Question 27

subluxation

Answer 27

A partial or incomplete dislocation

Question 28

swathe

Answer 28

A bandage that passes around the chest to secure an injured arm to the chest

Question 29

tibia

Answer 29

The larger of the two lower leg bones responsible for supporting the major weight-bearing surface of the knee and the ankle; the shinbone

Question 30

tourniquet

Answer 30

The bleeding control method used when a wound continues to bleed despite the use of direct pressure and elevation; useful if a patient is bleeding severely from a partial or complete amputation

Question 31

traction

Answer 31

Longitudinal force applied to a structure

Question 32

zone of injury

Answer 32

The area of potentially damaged soft tissue, adjacent nerves, and blood vessels surrounding an injury to a bone or a joint