Chapter 29 Flashcards
acromioclavicular (AC) joint
A simple joint where the bony projections of the scapula and the clavicle meet at the top of the shoulder
articular cartilage
A pearly layer of specialized cartilage covering the articular surfaces (contact surfaces on the ends) of bones in synovial joints
calcaneus
The heel bone
closed fracture
A fracture in which the skin is not broken
compartment syndrome
An elevation of pressure within a closed fascial compartment, characterized by extreme pain, decreased pain sensation, pain on stretching of affected muscles, and decreased power; frequently seen in fractures below the elbow or knee in children
crepitus
A grating or grinding sensation or sound caused by fractured bone ends or joints rubbing together
dislocation
Disruption of a joint in which ligaments are damaged and the bone ends are completely displaced
displaced fracture
A fracture in which bone fragments are separated from one another and not in anatomic alignment
ecchymosis
Bruising or discoloration associated with bleeding within or under the skin
fibula
The outer and smaller bone of the two bones of the lower leg
fracture
A break in the continuity of a bone
glenoid fossa
The part of the scapula that joins with the humeral head to form the glenohumeral joint
hematuria
Blood in the urine
joint
The place where two bones come into contact
nondisplaced fracture
A simple crack in the bone that has not caused the bone to move from its normal anatomic position; also called a hairline fracture
open fracture
Any break in a bone in which the overlying skin has been damaged
pelvic binders
Used to splint the bony pelvis to reduce hemorrhage from bone ends, venous disruption, and pain
point tenderness
Tenderness that is sharply localized at the site of the injury, found by gently palpating along the bone with the tip of one finger
position of function
A hand position in which the wrist is slightly dorsiflexed and all finger joints are moderately flexed
reduce
Return a dislocated joint or fractured bone to its normal position; set
retroperitoneal space
The space between the abdominal cavity and the posterior abdominal wall, containing the kidneys, certain large vessels, and parts of the gastrointestinal tract
sciatic nerve
The major nerve to the lower extremities; controls much of muscle function in the leg and sensation in most of the leg and foot
sling
A bandage or material that helps to support the weight of an injured upper extremity
splint
A flexible or rigid appliance used to protect and maintain the position of an injured extremity
sprain
A joint injury involving damage to supporting ligaments, and sometimes partial or temporary dislocation of bone ends
strain
Stretching or tearing of a muscle; also called a muscle pull
subluxation
A partial or incomplete dislocation
swathe
A bandage that passes around the chest to secure an injured arm to the chest
tibia
The larger of the two lower leg bones responsible for supporting the major weight-bearing surface of the knee and the ankle; the shinbone
tourniquet
The bleeding control method used when a wound continues to bleed despite the use of direct pressure and elevation; useful if a patient is bleeding severely from a partial or complete amputation
traction
Longitudinal force applied to a structure
zone of injury
The area of potentially damaged soft tissue, adjacent nerves, and blood vessels surrounding an injury to a bone or a joint
