Chapter 17

Question 1

acidosis

Answer 1

A pathologic condition that results from the accumulation of acids in the body

Question 2

aplastic crisis

Answer 2

A condition in which the body stops producing red blood cells; typically caused by infection

Question 3

diabetes mellitus

Answer 3

A metabolic disorder in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates (sugars) is impaired, usually because of a lack of insulin

Question 4

diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

Answer 4

A form of hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available

Question 5

endocrine glands

Answer 5

Glands that secrete or release chemicals that are used inside the body

Question 6

endocrine system

Answer 6

Regulates metabolism and maintains homeostasis

Question 7

glucose

Answer 7

One of the basic sugars; it is the primary fuel, in conjunction with oxygen, for cellular metabolism

Question 8

hematology

Answer 8

The study and prevention of blood-related disorders

Question 9

hemolytic crisis

Answer 9

A rapid destruction of red blood cells that occurs faster than the body’s ability to create new cells

Question 10

hemophilia

Answer 10

A congential abnormality in which the body is unable to produce clots, which results in uncontrollable bleeding

Question 11

hormone

Answer 11

A chemical substance produced by a gland that regulates the activity of organs and tissues

Question 12

hyperglycemia

Answer 12

An abnormally high glucose level in the blood

Question 13

hyperglycemic crisis

Answer 13

A state of unconsciousness resulting from several problems, including ketoacidosis, dehydration because of excessive urination, and hyperglycemia

Question 14

hypoglycemia

Answer 14

An abnormally low glucose level in the blood

Question 15

hypoglycemic crisis

Answer 15

Severe hypoglycemia resulting in changes in mental status

Question 16

insulin

Answer 16

A hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans (endocrine gland located throughout the pancreas) that enables glucose in the blood to enter cells; used in synthetic form to treat and control diabetes mellitus

Question 17

Kussmaul respirations

Answer 17

Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin is not available in the body

Question 18

polydipsia

Answer 18

Excessive thirst that persists for long periods, despite reasonable fluid intake; of ten the result of excessive urination

Question 19

polyphagia

Answer 19

Excessive eating; in diabetes, the inability to use glucose properly can cause a sense of hunger

Question 20

polyuria

Answer 20

The passage of an unusually large volume of urine in a given period; in diabetes, this can result from the wasting of glucose in the urine

Question 21

sickle cell disease

Answer 21

A hereditary disease that causes normal round red blood cells to become oblong, or sickle shaped

Question 22

splenic sequestration crisis

Answer 22

An acute painful enlargement of the spleen caused by sickle cell disease

Question 23

thrombophilia

Answer 23

A tendency toward the development of blood clots as a result of an abnormality of the system of coagulation

Question 24

thrombosis

Answer 24

A blood clot, either in the arterial or venous system

Question 25

type 1 diabetes

Answer 25

The type of diabetic disease that typically develops in childhood and requires synthetic insulin for proper treatment and control

Question 26

type 2 diabetes

Answer 26

The type of diabetic disease that typically develops in later life and often can be controlled through diet and oral medications

Question 27

vaso-occlusive crisis

Answer 27

Ischemia and pain caused by sickle-shaped red blood cells that obstruct blood flow to a portion of the body