Chapter 17 Flashcards
acidosis
A pathologic condition that results from the accumulation of acids in the body
aplastic crisis
A condition in which the body stops producing red blood cells; typically caused by infection
diabetes mellitus
A metabolic disorder in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates (sugars) is impaired, usually because of a lack of insulin
diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
A form of hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available
endocrine glands
Glands that secrete or release chemicals that are used inside the body
endocrine system
Regulates metabolism and maintains homeostasis
glucose
One of the basic sugars; it is the primary fuel, in conjunction with oxygen, for cellular metabolism
hematology
The study and prevention of blood-related disorders
hemolytic crisis
A rapid destruction of red blood cells that occurs faster than the body’s ability to create new cells
hemophilia
A congential abnormality in which the body is unable to produce clots, which results in uncontrollable bleeding
hormone
A chemical substance produced by a gland that regulates the activity of organs and tissues
hyperglycemia
An abnormally high glucose level in the blood
hyperglycemic crisis
A state of unconsciousness resulting from several problems, including ketoacidosis, dehydration because of excessive urination, and hyperglycemia
hypoglycemia
An abnormally low glucose level in the blood
hypoglycemic crisis
Severe hypoglycemia resulting in changes in mental status
insulin
A hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans (endocrine gland located throughout the pancreas) that enables glucose in the blood to enter cells; used in synthetic form to treat and control diabetes mellitus
Kussmaul respirations
Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin is not available in the body
polydipsia
Excessive thirst that persists for long periods, despite reasonable fluid intake; of ten the result of excessive urination
polyphagia
Excessive eating; in diabetes, the inability to use glucose properly can cause a sense of hunger
polyuria
The passage of an unusually large volume of urine in a given period; in diabetes, this can result from the wasting of glucose in the urine
sickle cell disease
A hereditary disease that causes normal round red blood cells to become oblong, or sickle shaped
splenic sequestration crisis
An acute painful enlargement of the spleen caused by sickle cell disease
thrombophilia
A tendency toward the development of blood clots as a result of an abnormality of the system of coagulation
thrombosis
A blood clot, either in the arterial or venous system
type 1 diabetes
The type of diabetic disease that typically develops in childhood and requires synthetic insulin for proper treatment and control
type 2 diabetes
The type of diabetic disease that typically develops in later life and often can be controlled through diet and oral medications
vaso-occlusive crisis
Ischemia and pain caused by sickle-shaped red blood cells that obstruct blood flow to a portion of the body
