Chapter 27 Flashcards

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1
Q

cardiac tamponade (pericardial tamponade)

A

Compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output

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2
Q

closed chest injury

A

An injury to the chest in which the skin is not broken, usually caused by blunt trauma

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3
Q

commotio cordis

A

A blunt chest injury caused by a sudden, direct blow to the chest that occurs only during the critical portion of a person’s heartbeat

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4
Q

flail chest

A

A condition in which two or more ribs are fractured in two or more places or in association with a fracture of the sternum so that a segment of the chest wall is effectively detached from the rest of the thoracic cage

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5
Q

flutter valve

A

A one-way valve that allows air to leave the chest cavity but not return; formed by taping three sides of an occlusive dressing to the chest wall, leaving the fourth side open as a valve

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6
Q

hemopneumothorax

A

The accumulation of blood and air in the pleural space of the chest

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7
Q

hemothorax

A

A collection of blood in the pleural cavity

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8
Q

myocardial contusion

A

A bruise of the heart muscle

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9
Q

occlusive dressing

A

A dressing made of Vaseline-impregnated gauze, aluminum foil, or plastic that protects a wound from air and bacteria

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10
Q

open chest injury

A

An injury to the chest in which the chest wall itself is penetrated by a fractured rib or, more frequently, by an external object such as a bullet or knife

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11
Q

open pneumothorax

A

An open or penetrating chest wall wound through which air passes during inspiration and expiration, creating a sucking sound; also referred to as a sucking chest wound

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12
Q

paradoxical motion

A

The motion of the portion of the chest wall that is detached in a flail chest; the motion-in during inhalation, out during exhalation- is exactly the opposite of normal chest wall motion during breathing

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13
Q

pericardium

A

The fibrous sac that surrounds the heart

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14
Q

pneumothorax

A

An accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity

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15
Q

pulmonary contusion

A

Injury or bruising of lung tissue that results in hemorrhage

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16
Q

simple pneumothorax

A

Any pneumothorax that is free from significant physiologic changes and does not cause drastic changes in the vital signs of the patient

17
Q

spontaneous pneumothorax

A

A pneumothorax that occurs when a weak area on the lung ruptures in the absence of major injury, allowing air to leak into the pleural space

18
Q

sucking chest wound

A

An open or penetrating chest wall wound through which air passes during inspiration and expiration, creating a sucking sound. See also open pneumothorax.

19
Q

tachypnea

A

Rapid respirations

20
Q

tension pneumothorax

A

An accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity that progressively increases pressure in the chest that interferes with cardiac function with potentially fatal results

21
Q

traumatic asphyxia

A

A pattern of injuries seen after a severe force is applied to the chest, forcing blood from the great vessels back into the head and neck