Chapter 2

Question 1

acute stress reactions

Answer 1

Reaction to stress that occurs during a stressful situation

Question 2

airborne transmission

Answer 2

The spread of an organism in aerosol form

Question 3

bloodborne pathogens

Answer 3

Pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Question 4

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Answer 4

The primary federal agency that conducts and supports public health activities in the United States. The CDC is part of the US Department of Health and Human Services.

Question 5

communicable disease

Answer 5

A disease that can be spread from one person or species to another

Question 6

contamination

Answer 6

The presence of infectious organisms on or in objects such as dressings, water, food, needles, wounds, or a patient’s body

Question 7

cover and concealment

Answer 7

The tactical use of an impenetrable barrier for protection

Question 8

critical incident stress management (CISM)

Answer 8

A process that confronts the responses to critical incidents and defuses them, directing the emergency services personnel toward physical and emotional equilibrium

Question 9

cumulative stress reactions

Answer 9

Prolonged or excessive stress

Question 10

delayed stress reactions

Answer 10

Reaction to stress that occurs after a stressful situation

Question 11

designated officer

Answer 11

The individual in the department who is charged with the responsibility of managing exposures and infection control issues

Question 12

direct contact

Answer 12

Exposure or transmission of a communicable disease from one person to another by physical contact

Question 13

exposure

Answer 13

A situation in which a person has had contact with blood, body fluids, tissues, or airborne particles in a manner that suggests disease transmission may occur

Question 14

foodborne transmission

Answer 14

The contamination of food or water with an organism that can cause disease

Question 15

general adaptation syndrome

Answer 15

The body’s response to stress that begins with an alarm response, followed by a stage of reaction and resistance, and then recovery or, if the stress is prolonged, exhaustion

Question 16

hepatitis

Answer 16

Inflammation of the liver, usually caused by a viral infection, that causes fever, loss of appetite, jaundice, fatigue, and altered liver function

Question 17

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Answer 17

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by HIV, which damages the cells in the body’s immune system so that the body is unable to fight infection or certain cancers

Question 18

host

Answer 18

The organism or individual that is attacked by the infecting agent

Question 19

immune

Answer 19

The body’s ability to protect itself from acquiring a disease

Question 20

indirect contact

Answer 20

Exposure or transmission of disease from one person to another by contact with a contaminated object

Question 21

infection

Answer 21

The abnormal invasion of a host or host tissues by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites, with or without signs or symptoms of disease

Question 22

infection control

Answer 22

Procedures to reduce transmission of infection among patients and health care personnel

Question 23

infectious disease

Answer 23

A medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body

Question 24

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Answer 24

The federal regulatory compliance agency that develops, publishes, and enforces guidelines concerning safety in the workplace

Question 25

pathogen

Answer 25

A microorganism that is capable of causing disease in a susceptible host

Question 26

personal protective equipment (PPE)

Answer 26

Protective equipment that OSHA requires to be made available to the EMT. IN the case of infection risk, PPE blocks entry of an organism into the body.

Question 27

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 27

A delayed stress reaction to a prior incident. This delayed reaction is often the result of one or more unresolved issues concerning the incident.

Question 28

transmission

Answer 28

The way in which an infectious disease is spread: contact, airborne, by vehicles, or by vectors

Question 29

standard precautions

Answer 29

Protective measures that have traditionally been developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for use in dealing with objects, blood, body fluids, or other potential exposure risks of communicable disease

Question 30

vector-borne transmission

Answer 30

The use of an animal to spread an organism from one person or place to another