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Emergency Medical Technician book > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acidosis

A

The buildup of excess acid in the blood or body tissues that results from a primary illness

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2
Q

adventitious breath sounds

A

Abnormal breaths sounds such as wheezes, rhonchi, and rales

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3
Q

alkalosis

A

The buildup of excess base (lack of acids) in the body fluids

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4
Q

allergen

A

A substance that causes an allergic reaction

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5
Q

anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock)

A

An extreme, life-threatening systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure

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6
Q

asthma

A

An acute spasm of the smaller air passages, called bronchioles, associated with excessive mucus production and with swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passages

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7
Q

atelectasis

A

Collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs

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8
Q

bronchial breath sounds

A

Normal breath sounds made by air moving through the bronchi

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9
Q

bronchiolitis

A

Inflammation of the bronchioles that usually occurs in children younger than 2 years and is often caused by the respiratory syncytial virus

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10
Q

bronchitis

A

An acute or chronic inflammation of the lung that may damage lung tissue; usually associated with cough and production of sputum and, depending on its cause, sometimes fever

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11
Q

carbon dioxide retention

A

A condition characterized by a chronically high blood level of carbon dioxide in which the respiratory center no longer responds to high blood levels of carbon dioxide

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12
Q

carbon monoxide

A

An odorless, highly poisonous gas that results from incomplete oxidation of carbon in combustion

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13
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

Irritation of the major lung passageways from infectious disease or irritants such as smoke

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14
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

A slow process of dilation and disruption of the airways and alveoli caused by chronic bronchial obstruction

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15
Q

common cold

A

A viral infection usually associated with swollen nasal mucous membranes and the production of fluid from the sinuses and nose

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16
Q

croup

A

An inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory system that may cause a partial airway obstruction and is characterized by a barking cough; usually seen in children

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17
Q

diphtheria

A

An infectious disease in which a membrane forms, lining pharynx; this lining can severely obstruct the passage of air into the larynx

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18
Q

dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

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19
Q

embolus

A

A blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel where it causes a blockage

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20
Q

emphysema

A

A disease of the lungs in which there is extreme dilation and eventual destruction of the pulmonary alveoli with poor exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide; it is one form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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21
Q

epidemic

A

Occurs when new cases of a disease occur in a human population and substantially exceed what is “expected” based on recent experience

22
Q

epiglottitis

A

A disease in which the epiglottis becomes inflamed and enlarged and may cause an upper airway obstruction

23
Q

hay fever

A

An allergic response usually to outdoor airborne allergens such as pollen or sometimes indoor allergens such as dust mites or pet dander; also called allergic rhinitis

24
Q

hyperventilation

A

Rapid or deep breathing that lowers the blood carbon dioxide level below normal

25
Q

hyperventilation syndrome (panic attack)

A

This syndrome occurs in the absence of other physical problems. The respirations of a person who is experiencing hyperventilation syndrome may be as high as 40 shallow breaths/min or as low as only 20 very deep breaths/min.

26
Q

hypoxia

A

A condition in which the body’s cells and tissues do not have enough oxygen

27
Q

hypoxic drive

A

Backup system to control respirations when oxygen levels fall

28
Q

influenza type A

A

Virus that has crossed the animal/human barrier and has infected humans, recently reaching a pandemic level with the H1N1 strain

29
Q

meningococcal meningitis

A

An inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord; can be highly contagious

30
Q

metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

A

A miniature spray canister used to direct medications through the mouth and into the lungs

31
Q

methicillin-resistant Stphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

A

A bacterium that can cause infections in different parts of the body; it is transmitted by different routes, including the respiratory route and is particularly dangerous because of its resistance to methicillin

32
Q

oxygenation

A

The process of delivering oxygen to the blood

33
Q

pandemic

A

An outbreak that occurs on a global scale

34
Q

pertussis (whooping cough)

A

An airborne bacterial infection that affects mostly children younger than 6 years. Patients will be feverish and exhibit a “whoop” sound on inspiration after a coughing attack; highly contagious through droplet infection

35
Q

pleural effusion

A

A collection of fluid between the lung and chest wall that may compress the lung

36
Q

pleuritic chest pain

A

Sharp, stabbing pain in the chest that is worsened by a deep breath or other chest wall movement; often caused by inflammation or irritation of the pleura

37
Q

pneumonia

A

An infectious disease of the lung that damages lung tissue

38
Q

pneumonitis

A

Inflammation of the lung

39
Q

pneumothorax

A

A partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space

40
Q

pulmonary edema

A

A buildup of fluid in the lungs, usually as a result of congestive heart failure

41
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow

42
Q

rales

A

Crackling, rattling breath sounds signaling fluid in the air spaces of the lungs

43
Q

respiration

A

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

44
Q

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

A

A virus that causes an infection of the lungs and breathing passages; can lead to other serious illnesses that affect the lungs or heart, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. RSV is highly contagious and spread through droplets.

45
Q

rhonchi

A

Coarse breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the airways

46
Q

severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

A

Potentially life-threatening viral infection that usually starts with flulike symptoms

47
Q

small-volume nebulizer

A

A respiratory device that holds liquid medicine that is turned into a fine mist. The patient inhales the medication into the airways and lungs as a treatment for conditions like asthma

48
Q

stridor

A

A harsh, high-pitched, barking inspiratory sound often heard in acute laryngeal (upper airway) obstruction

49
Q

tuberculosis (TB)

A

A disease that can lay dormant in a person’s lungs for decades, then reactivate; many strains are resistant to many antibiotics. TB is spread by cough.

50
Q

vesicular breath sounds

A

Normal breath sounds made by air moving in and out of the alveoli

51
Q

wheezing

A

A high-pitched, whistling breath sound, characteristically heard on expiration in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Emergency Medical Technician book (39 decks)

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