Chapter 10

Question 1

afterload

Answer 1

The force or resistance against which the heart pumps

Question 2

anaphylactic shock

Answer 2

Severe shock caused by an allergic reaction

Question 3

anaphylaxis

Answer 3

An unusual or exaggerated allergic reaction to foreign protein or other substances

Question 4

aneurysm

Answer 4

A swelling or enlargement of a part of an artery, resulting from weakening of the arterial wall

Question 5

autonomic nervous system

Answer 5

The part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary functions, such as heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and sweating

Question 6

cardiogenic shock

Answer 6

Shock cuased by inadequate function of the heart, or pump failure

Question 7

compensated shock

Answer 7

The early stage of shock, in which the body can still compensate for blood loss

Question 8

cyanosis

Answer 8

Bluish color of the skin resulting from poor oxygenation of the circulating blood

Question 9

decompensated shock

Answer 9

The late stage of shock when blood pressure is failing

Question 10

dehydration

Answer 10

Loss of water from the tissues of the body

Question 11

distributive shock

Answer 11

A conditon that occurs when there is widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both

Question 12

edema

Answer 12

The presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues, causing swelling of the affected area

Question 13

homeostasis

Answer 13

A balance of all systems of the body

Question 14

hypothermia

Answer 14

A condiiton in which the internal body termperature falls below 95 degrees Fahrenheit (35 degrees Celsius), usually as a result of prolonged exposure to cool or freezing temperatures

Question 15

hypovolemic shock

Answer 15

Shock caused by fluid or blood loss

Question 16

irreversible shock

Answer 16

The final stage of shock, resulting in death

Question 17

myocardial contractility

Answer 17

The ability of the heart muscle to contract

Question 18

neurogenic shock

Answer 18

Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries

Question 19

obstructive shock

Answer 19

Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart or great vessels, cuasing an insufficient blood supply to the body’s tissues

Question 20

perfusion

Answer 20

Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells’ current needs

Question 21

preload

Answer 21

The precontraction pressure in the heart as the volume of blood builds up

Question 22

psychogenic shock

Answer 22

Shock caused by a sudden, temporary reduction in blood supply to the brain that causes fainting (syncope)

Question 23

sensitization

Answer 23

Developing a sensitivity to a substance that initially cuased no allergic reaction

Question 24

septic shock

Answer 24

Shock cuased by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection

Question 25

shock

Answer 25

A conidition in which the circulatory system fails to procide sufficient circulation to enable every body part to perform its function; also called hypoperfusion

Question 26

sphincters

Answer 26

Circular muscles that encircle and, by contracting, constrict a duct, tube, or opening

Question 27

syncope

Answer 27

Fainting