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Emergency Medical Technician book > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

aorta

A

The main artery, which receives blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to all the other arteries that carry blood to the tissues of the body

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2
Q

aortic aneurysm

A

A weakness in the wall of the aorta that makes it susceptible to rupture

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3
Q

aortic valve

A

The one-way valve that lies between the left ventricle and the aorta and keeps blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after the left ventricle ejects its blood into the aorta; one of four heart valves

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4
Q

arrhythmia

A

An irregular or abnormal heart rhythm

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5
Q

asystole

A

The complete absence of heart electrical activity

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6
Q

atherosclerosis

A

A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of blood vessels, eventually leading to partial or complete blockage of blood flow

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7
Q

atrium

A

One of two (right and left) upper chambers of the heart. The right atrium receives blood from the vena cava and delivers it to the right ventricle. The left atrium receives blood from pulmonary veins and delivers it to the left ventricle.

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8
Q

acute coronary syndrome

A

A term used to describe a group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia; includes angina and myocardial infarction

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9
Q

acute myocardial infarction (AMI)

A

A heart attack; death of heart muscle following obstruction of blood flow to it. Acute in this context means “new” or “happening right now”.

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10
Q

angina pectoris

A

Transient (short-lived) chest discomfort caused by partial or temporary blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle

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11
Q

anterior

A

The front surface of the body; the side facing you in the standard anatomic position

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12
Q

automaticity

A

The ability of cardiac muscle cells to contract without stimulation from the nervous system

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13
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

The part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary activities of the body such as the heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion of food

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14
Q

bradycardia

A

A slow heart rate, less than 60 beats/min

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15
Q

cardiac arrest

A

A state in which the heart fails to generate effective and detectable blood flow; pulses are not palpable in cardiac arrest, even if muscular and electrical activity continues in the heart

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16
Q

cardiogenic shock

A

A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be a severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions.

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17
Q

cardiac output

A

A measure of the volume of blood circulated by the heart in 1 minute, calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate

18
Q

congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

A disorder in which the heart loses part of its ability to effectively pump blood, usually as a result of damage to the heart muscle and usually resulting in a backup of fluid into the lungs

19
Q

coronary arteries

A

The blood vessels that carry blood and nutrients to the heart muscle

20
Q

defibrillate

A

To shock a fibrillating (chaotically beating) heart with specialized electrical current in an attempt to restore a normal, rhythmic beat

21
Q

dependent edema

A

Swelling in the part of the body closest to the ground, caused by collection of fluid in the tissues; a possible sign of congestive heart failure

22
Q

dilation

A

Widening of a tubular structure such as a coronary artery

23
Q

dissecting aneurysm

A

A condition in which the inner layers of an artery, such as the aorta, become separated, allowing blood (at high pressures) to flow between the layers

24
Q

hypertensive emergency

A

An emergency situation created by excessively high blood pressure, which can lead to serious complications such as stroke or aneurysm

25
Q

infarction

A

Death of a body tissue, usually caused by interruption of its blood supply

26
Q

inferior

A

The part of the body or any body part nearer to the feet

27
Q

ischemia

A

A lack of oxygen that deprives tissues of necessary nutrients, resulting from partial or complete blockage of blood flow; potentially reversible because permanent injury has not yet occurred

28
Q

lumen

A

The inside diameter of an artery or other hollow structure

29
Q

myocardium

A

The heart muscle

30
Q

occlusion

A

A blockage, usually of a tubular structure such as a blood vessel

31
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

The part of the autonomic nervous system that controls vegetative functions such as digestion of food and relaxation

32
Q

perfusion

A

The flow of blood through body tissues and vessels

33
Q

posterior

A

The back surface of the body; the side away from you in the standard anatomic position

34
Q

stroke volume

A

The volume of blood ejected with each ventricular contraction

35
Q

superior

A

The part of the body or any body part nearer to the head

36
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

The part of the autonomic nervous system that controls active functions such as responding to fear (also known as the “fight-or-flight” system)

37
Q

syncope

A

A fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness

38
Q

tachycardia

A

A rapid heart rate, more than 100 beats/min

39
Q

thromboembolism

A

A blood clot that has formed within a blood vessel and is floating within the bloodstream

40
Q

ventricle

A

One of two (right and left) lower chambers of the heart. The left ventricle receives blood from the left atrium (upper chamber) and delivers blood to the aorta. The right ventricle receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary artery

41
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

Disorganized, ineffective twitching of the ventricles, resulting in no blood flow and a state of cardiac arrest

42
Q

ventricular tachycardia

A

A rapid heart rhythm in which the electrical impulse begins in the ventricle (instead of the atrium), which may result in inadequate blood flow and eventually deteriorate into cardiac arrest

Emergency Medical Technician book (39 decks)

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