Chapter 23

Question 1

aorta

Answer 1

The main artery that receives blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to all the other arteries that carry blood to the tissues of the body

Question 2

arterioles

Answer 2

The smallest branches of arteries leading to the vast network of capillaries

Question 3

artery

Answer 3

A blood vessel, consisting of three layers of tissue and smooth muscle that carries blood away from the heart

Question 4

capillaries

Answer 4

The small blood vessels that connect arterioles and venules; various substances pass through capillary wall, into and out of the interstitial fluid, and then on to the cells

Question 5

coagulation

Answer 5

The formation of clots to plug openings in injured blood vessels and stop blood flow

Question 6

contusion

Answer 6

A bruise, or ecchymosis

Question 7

ecchymosis

Answer 7

Discoloration of the skin associated with a closed wound; bruising

Question 8

epistaxis

Answer 8

A nosebleed

Question 9

hematemesis

Answer 9

Vomited blood

Question 10

hematoma

Answer 10

A mass of blood in the soft tissues beneath the skin

Question 11

hemophilia

Answer 11

A congenital condition in which the patient lacks one or more of the blood’s normal clotting factors

Question 12

hemoptysis

Answer 12

Coughing up blood

Question 13

hypoperfusion

Answer 13

A condition that occurs when the level of tissue perfusion decreases below that needed to maintain normal cellular functions; also called shock

Question 14

hypovolemic shock

Answer 14

A condition in which low blood volume, due to massive internal or external bleeding or extensive loss of body water, results in inadequate perfusion

Question 15

melena

Answer 15

Black, foul-smelling, tarry stool containing digested blood

Question 16

perfusion

Answer 16

Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the current needs of the cells

Question 17

pressure point

Answer 17

A point where a blood vessel lies near a bone

Question 18

shock

Answer 18

A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation so that every body part can perform its function; also called hypoperfusion

Question 19

tourniquet

Answer 19

The bleeding control method used when a wound continues to bleed despite the use of direct pressure and elevation; useful if a patient is bleeding severely from a partial or complete amputation

Question 20

vasoconstriction

Answer 20

Narrowing of a blood vessel, such as with hypoperfusion or cold extremities

Question 21

veins

Answer 21

The blood vessels that carry blood from the tissues to the heart

Question 22

venules

Answer 22

Very small, thin-walled vessels