Chapter 27

Question 1

anatomy

Answer 1

the study of an organism’s structure

Question 2

physiology

Answer 2

the study of what structures do, and how they do it (structures function)

Question 3

cell

Answer 3

first level of structure

Question 4

tissue

Answer 4

(second level of structure)

a group of many similar cells that work together and perform a specific function

Question 5

organ

Answer 5

(third level of structure)

several tissues that together perform a specific task

Question 6

organ system

Answer 6

(fourth level of structure)

multiple organs that together perform a necessary body function

Question 7

epithelial tissue

Answer 7

covers the surface of the body and lines internal organs

Question 8

connective tissue

Answer 8

holds together and supports other tissues. cushions, insulates, and connects organs (ex: bones, cartilage, blood, and fat)

Question 9

nervous tissue

Answer 9

forms communication system of the body.

Question 10

neuron

Answer 10

basic unit of nervous tissue. also called a nerve cell

Question 11

skeletal muscles

Answer 11

made of skeletal tissue, are attached to the bones and enable various parts of the body to move (voluntary muscle)

Question 12

cardiac muscles

Answer 12

made of cardiac muscle tissue and are found in the heart (involuntary muscles)

Question 13

smooth muscles

Answer 13

made of smooth muscle tissue and are found in the digestive system and most other organs. (involuntary muscles)

Question 14

homeostasis

Answer 14

stable internal environment

Question 15

hormones

Answer 15

chemical signals that travel through the bloodstream to other parts of the body where they trigger responses

Question 16

interstitial fluid

Answer 16

fluid that fills gaps between the cells

Question 17

integumentary system

Answer 17

the body’s outer covering

Question 18

epidermis

Answer 18

outermost layer of the skin. the top region if made up of dead epithelial cells that continuously flake off. the bottom region contains living cells

Question 19

melanin

Answer 19

a protein that gives skin it’s color

Question 20

dermis

Answer 20

lies under the epidermis and is made mostly of connective tissue. gives skin it’s strength and elasticity. it also contains hair follicles, oil and sweat gland, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels

Question 21

hypodermis

Answer 21

a tissue layer beneath the dermis that contains fat-storing cells and blood vessels

Question 22

vertebra

Answer 22

the stack of small, flat bones, that the backbone consists of

Question 23

cartilage

Answer 23

a type of connective tissue that is softer than bone

Question 24

marrow

Answer 24

specialized tissue that bones contain. yellow marrow=stores fat that is an energy reserve for the body. red marrow= produces cells that develop into blood cells

Question 25

joint

Answer 25

an area where one bone meets another bone

Question 26

ligament

Answer 26

bones in a moveable joint that is held together by strong, fibrous connective tissue

Question 27

arthritis

Answer 27

an inflammation of the joints

Question 28

osteoporosis

Answer 28

bones become thinner and break more easily

Question 29

tendon

Answer 29

a muscle that is attached to a bone by a type of connective tissue

Question 30

muscle fiber

Answer 30

a single long muscle cell that contains many nuclei

Question 31

myofibrils

Answer 31

the bundles of small fibers inside a muscle fiber

Question 32

sacromeres

Answer 32

single myofibril that consists of repeating units

Question 33

actin

Answer 33

thin filaments are made of the protein

Question 34

myosin

Answer 34

thick filaments are made of the protein

Question 35

where does chemical digestion of protein begin?

Answer 35

stomach

Question 36

where does hydrolysis of carbohydrates begin?

Answer 36

mouth

Question 37

where the absorption of nutrients occurs

Answer 37

small intestine

Question 38

where the absorption of water occurs

Answer 38

large intestine

Question 39

where would an ulcer most likely occur?

Answer 39

stomach

Question 40

glands that produce amylase

Answer 40

salivary glands

Question 41

where would u find acidic pH?

Answer 41

stomach

Question 42

what organ is lined with villi?

Answer 42

small intestine

Question 43

what do gallstones effect?

Answer 43

gallbladder

Question 44

where is bike produced?

Answer 44

liver

Question 45

what two organs produce enzymes that complete the digestion of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

Answer 45

pancreas and small intestine

Question 46

small lymph vessels that extend into villi

Answer 46

lacteals

Question 47

blood vessels that extend into villi

Answer 47

capillaries

Question 48

in what organ does peristalsis occur?

Answer 48

esophagus

Question 49

importance of mechanical digestion is:

Answer 49

it produces more surface area in the food mass

Question 50

structure in the throat that prevents choking

Answer 50

epiglottis

Question 51

two organs where mechanical digestion occurs

Answer 51

mouth and stomach

Question 52

end products of chemical digestion of carbohydrates

Answer 52

simple sugars which are used for energy

Question 53

order of digestive structure

Answer 53

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus

Question 54

digestion is the process of

Answer 54

hydrolysis

Question 55

compared to ingested food, the end products of digestion are

Answer 55

smaller and more soluble