Biology Midterm: chp 7 Flashcards
heterotroph
eat other heterotrophs and autotrophs/producers
consumer
how cellular respiration harvests energy in food
glucose goes in, gets broken down and forms ATP
chemical energy
potential to perform work due to the arrangement of atoms within molecules
is released from food bc the stored chemical energy in the food is released through cellular respiration
ATP and how it stores energy
ATP=adenine ribose and triphosphate tail
ATP molecule contains potential energy, much like a compressed spring. when a phosphate group is pulled away (ADP) during a chemical reaction, energy is released
work cells perform
chemical work=building a large molecule
mechanical work=moving a muscle protein
transport work=pumping diluted across a membrane
autotrophs
self feeder
makes its own food
(producer)
ATP cycle
energy from food is added (making ATP) and energy for working cells is removed (making ADP
breathing
in CO⬇️2 out O⬇️2
lungs
cellular respiration
in O⬇️2 out CO⬇️2
muscle cells
Glucose + 6O⬇️2➡️6CO⬇️2+6H⬇️2O+ATP
structure of mitochondrion
cytoplasm=glycolysis
mitochondrions matrix=krebs cycle
inner membrane of mitochondria=electron transport chain
Glycolysis
stage one of cellular respiration
splitting of sugar(releasing energy in the process)
in cytoplasm
4ATP are produced but net profit=2
Krebs cycle
stage two of cellular respiration
finished breakdown of pyruvic acid molecules to carbon dioxide (releasing energy in the process) (2ATP=produced)
within mitochondrions matrix
Electron transport chain
action=an electron transport chain and ATP production by ATP synthase (34ATP=produced)
inner membrane of mitochondria
ATP synthase
special transport protein that helps to make ATP
fermentation
makes ATP without using oxygen entirely from glycolysis (nothing in mitochondrions) only makes 2ATP
pyruvic acid in muscles=lactic acid but in yeast=alcohol
