Biology Midterm: chp 35

Question 1

Population Density

Answer 1

• the number/amount of organisms in a specific area volume
• calculates in three methods:
  
  • Quadrates
  • indirect counting
  • mark-recapture method

Question 2

Exponential Growth

Answer 2

the population multiplies by s constant factor at constant time intervals

- J-shaped
- conditions that might undergo exponential growth
    - unlimited food, water, space

Question 3

limiting factor

Answer 3

usually slow a population growth

Question 4

carrying capacity

Answer 4

max population an area can hold

Question 5

limiting factor .vs. carrying capacity

Answer 5

when one or more limiting factors slow a population growth, the population has reached its carrying capacity

Question 6

Density-dependent

Answer 6

when population density increases it limits population

- biotic factors 
- food (prey/predator) availability

Question 7

Density-independent

Answer 7

is unrelated to population density but still limits the population

- extreme weather
    - hurricane, tornadoes

Question 8

age structure

Answer 8

the proportion of people in different age groups in a population
-a nation’s age structure affects population growth because the graph will determine the future population and used to compare to different places

Question 9

interspecific competition

Answer 9

occurs when two or more species rely on the same limited resource

Question 10

competitive exclusion

Answer 10

when one species succeeds over the other

Question 11

symbiotic relationships

Answer 11

close interactions in which one species lives on or in the other

• parasitism
• mutualism
• commensalism

Question 12

parasitism

Answer 12

one organism(parasite) obtains its food at the expense of another organism (host)

Question 13

mutualism

Answer 13

both organisms (parasite and host) benefit from the close interaction

Question 14

commensalism

Answer 14

one organism benefits while the other is neither harmed nor helped significantly

Question 15

primary succession

Answer 15

lifeless area without soil

Question 16

secondary succession

Answer 16

a disturbance damages the community

has soil that is intact

Question 17

causes and possible results of interspecific competition

Answer 17

causes competitive exclusion do one animal will thrive but the other will b excluded and die

Question 18

boom-or-bust

Answer 18

rapid growth in population then rapid decreases

Question 19

niche

Answer 19

each species unique way of life in a community

Question 20

predation

Answer 20

one organism (predator) eats another organism (prey)

Question 21

ecological succession

Answer 21

a significant disturbance that may result in a process of community change

Question 22

introduced species

Answer 22

an organism carried by humans into a new geographic area

Question 23

mark-recapture method

Answer 23

a sampling technique in which organisms are captured, marked, and released for later counting

Question 24

quadrat

Answer 24

a boundary in which ecologists count a sample of population

Question 25

indirect counting

Answer 25

counting nests, burrows, or tracks rather than organisms

Question 26

population

Answer 26

a local group of organisms of one species