Biology Midterm: chp 6

Question 1

cell theory main ideas

Answer 1

• all living things are made up of cells
• cells are basic units of structure and function
• cells come from other cells

Question 2

how microscopes aid the study of cells

Answer 2

helped scientists learn about cells structure me their functions

Question 3

animal cell

Answer 3

no presence of chloroplast
not encased by a cell wall
have a plasma membrane and nucleus

Question 4

plant cell

Answer 4

presence of chloroplast
encased by cell wall
has a plasma membrane and nucleus

Question 5

prokaryotic cells

Answer 5

lacks nucleus

lacks other organelles

Question 6

eukaryotic cells

Answer 6

has a nucleus and membrane

ha internal organelles with membrane

Question 7

structure of cellular membrane

Answer 7

negative hydrophilic heads on outside with positive hydrophobic tails inside. (phospholipid bilayer)

Question 8

proteins in cellular membrane

Answer 8

many types of proteins are embedded in the membranes phospholipid bilayer

- proteins perform most of the membranes specific functions
    - carrying out important Chem reactions
    - help cells communicate/recognize each other
    - move substance across membrane

Question 9

diffusion

Answer 9

net movement of the particles if a substance from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated (results in equilibrium)

Question 10

equilibrum

Answer 10

molecules moving in one direction is equal to the number of molecules loving in the other direction

Question 11

passive transport

Answer 11

occurs when molecules move from high concentration to low concentration and requires no energy

Question 12

osmosis

Answer 12

passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane
(osmosis will allow water to move from the hypertonic solution on one side of a membrane to the hypertonic solution on the other side until the concentrations of water and solute are the same on both sides)

Question 13

active transport

Answer 13

requires energy

low concentration to high concentration

Question 14

how large molecules move across a membrane

Answer 14

large particle movement across a membrane depends I. being packaged in vesicles (small membrane sacs that specialize in moving products into, out of, and within a cell)

Question 15

role of nucleus in a cell

Answer 15

contains DNA which directs the cells activities

Question 16

how the functions of ribosome, ER, and Golgi Apparatus are related

Answer 16

1) ribosome produces protein
2) protein is packaged in vesicle
3) vesicle buds of ER
4) vesicle transports protein to GA

Question 17

vacuole

Answer 17

large membrane bound sacs in the cytoplasm

• contractile vacuole: pumps out excess water that diffuses into the cell
• central vacuole:stored chemicals such as salts and contributes to plant growth m (by absorbing water) and causing cells to expand

Question 18

lysosomes

Answer 18

membrane bound sacs that contain digestive enzymes that can break down such macromolecules as proteins, nucleus acids, and polysaccharides
several functions: destroy harmful bacteria, recycling centers for damages organelles and can engulf/digest other organelles

Question 19

path of cellular products through membranes

Answer 19

1) vesicles bud from one organelle
2) fuse with another
3) transferring membranes/products

Question 20

chloroplast

Answer 20

photosynthetic cells found in some cells of plants and algae

Question 21

mitochondria

Answer 21

site where cellular respiration occurs

Question 22

cytoskeleton

Answer 22

a network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm

flagella and cilia

Question 23

flagella

Answer 23

long and thing (whip like)
core of microtubules
waves with an S shape motion that propels the cell

Question 24

cilia

Answer 24

shorter and more numerous
bundle of microtubules
move in a back and fourth motion that moves the cell