Chapter 12

Question 1

histones

Answer 1

small proteins

Question 2

Trisomy 21

Answer 2

a condition where a person has three number 21 chromosomes

Question 3

Down syndrome

Answer 3

symptoms as a result of Trisomy 21

Question 4

nondisjunction

Answer 4

a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids failing to separate during meiosis

Question 5

duplication

Answer 5

when a part of a chromosome is repeated

Question 6

deletion

Answer 6

when a part of a chromosome is lost

Question 7

inversion

Answer 7

when a part of a chromosome is reversed

Question 8

translocation

Answer 8

when a portion of a chromosome attaches to a non-homologous chromosome

Question 9

transposons

Answer 9

jumping genes

Question 10

pedigree

Answer 10

traces the occurrence of a trait in a family

Question 11

carrier

Answer 11

an individual with one copy of the allele for a recessive disorder who does not show symptoms

Question 12

genetic counselor

Answer 12

an individual trained to collect and interpret family histories of genetic disorders

Question 13

growth factors

Answer 13

start the process of cell division

Question 14

tumor-suppressor genes

Answer 14

produce proteins that stop cell division when a cells DNA is damaged

Question 15

oncogene

Answer 15

a cancer-causing gene

Question 16

genome

Answer 16

an organisms complete set of DNA

Question 17

human genome project

Answer 17

provided a rough draft of the human genomes entire sequence. the information could b used in many ways like evolutionary relationships between species can be examined and medical researchers can use the data