Chapter 23: Microbial Diseases of Cardiovascular System Flashcards
what is lymphangitis?
inflamed lymph vessels
what is the definition of septic shock?
sepsis and uncontrollable decreased blood pressure
what is the definition of severe sepsis?
decrease blood pressure and dysfunction of at least one or more organ
what is the definition of sepsis?
systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
what is the definition of septicemia?
acute illness due to presence of pathogens or their toxins
- What is the natural source of anthrax?
bacteria; Bacillus anthracis found in soil
What are the three different manifestations of anthrax infections? Which form is the most serious threat to the infected host?
Cutaneous anthrax:
- Endospores enter through a minor cut
- 20% mortality rate without treatment
Gastrointestinal anthrax:
- Ingestion of undercooked, contaminated food
- >50% mortality rate
Inhalational (pulmonary) anthrax:
- Inhalation of endospores
- Bacteria enter the bloodstream; progresses into septic shock
- Near 100% mortality rate
Which body organ is affected by lymphangitis? What is the sign that indicates lymphangitis?
Lymph nodes
Inflamed lymph vessels
What is the term ‘puerperal’ linked to?
(after childbirth) mother can transfer Streptococcus pyogenes to uterus after childbirth
What is the mechanism that leads to rheumatic fever?
Autoimmune complication of Streptococcus pyogenes due to molecular mimicry mistaking streptococcal M protein with cells w/in heart valve
What is the source of the bacterium that causes gangrene?
Clostridium perfringens
What is the toxin that causes gangrene?
Phospholipase C (PLC) and perfringolysin O (PFO)
know that toxins get released to help it invade the host tissue more
How is ischemia linked to gangrene?
ischemic tissue does not contain oxygen, so anaerobic bacteria (Clostridium perfringens) can thrive on dead tissue.
How does gas gangrene spread?
After ischemia, necrosis (death of tissue occurs), This creates an optimal environment for the anaerobic Clostridium perfringens to grow and ferment, releasing gasses and causing gas gangrene
What is the animal reservoir for the microorganism that causes the plague?
small mammals and their fleas
What are the most common forms of the plague?
- Bubonic plague – bacterial growth in blood and lymph (most common resulting in 50-75% mortality)
- Septicemic plaque – septic shock due to bacteria in blood
- Pneumonic plague – bacteria in lungs (easily spread results in 100% mortality rate)
what is the bacteria responsible for Bubonic plague?
Yersinia pestis
What is a buboe?
swollen lymph nodes
What is the distinct sign that indicates Lyme disease?
Bull’s-eye rash; flulike symptoms
what is the bacteria responsible for Lyme disease?
Borrelia burgdorferi
What is the vector that transmits Lyme disease?
Tick
What are two diseases associated with Epstein-Barr virus? Which of these diseases is more common in the United States?
- Burkitt’s lymphoma – tumor of the jaw (most common childhood cancer in Africa)
- Infectious mononucleosis – replicates in resting memory B cells (most common in US)
How is EBV transmitted to a new host?
Transmitted via saliva; incubation of 4 to 7 weeks
Which age group is more likely to experience a new infection with EBV?
15 yrs-25 yrs old
Which cell is infected and compromised to cause infectious mononucleosis?
memory B cells
Approximately how long does mono last?
Approximately one month
What is the incubation period for mono?
4 to 7 weeks
How is Cytomegalovirus transmitted to a new host?
Transmitted sexually, via blood, saliva, or by
transplanted tissue
What groups are most at risk to get Cytomegalovirus?
newborns (it can transmit across the placenta and cause mental retardation or hearing loss in newborns)
Which specific cell types are infected by Cytomegalovirus?
white blood cells
What can happen if a pregnant person gets Cytomegalovirus ?
the virus in your blood can pass through the placenta to your baby
Mental retardation or hearing loss in newborns
What is the major sign of Ebola virus infection?
Bleeding from mucous membranes
Where in the world is Ebola common?
Africa
About how long does it take for Ebola to kill the host?
Death: 6-16 days from first symptoms
what is the reservoir for ebola?
cave-dwelling fruit bat
