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Cameron Lecture study guides > Chapter 23: Microbial Diseases of Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 23: Microbial Diseases of Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

what is lymphangitis?

A

inflamed lymph vessels

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2
Q

what is the definition of septic shock?

A

sepsis and uncontrollable decreased blood pressure

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3
Q

what is the definition of severe sepsis?

A

decrease blood pressure and dysfunction of at least one or more organ

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4
Q

what is the definition of sepsis?

A

systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)

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5
Q

what is the definition of septicemia?

A

acute illness due to presence of pathogens or their toxins

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6
Q
  • What is the natural source of anthrax?
A

bacteria; Bacillus anthracis found in soil

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7
Q

What are the three different manifestations of anthrax infections? Which form is the most serious threat to the infected host?

A

Cutaneous anthrax:
- Endospores enter through a minor cut
- 20% mortality rate without treatment

Gastrointestinal anthrax:
- Ingestion of undercooked, contaminated food
- >50% mortality rate

Inhalational (pulmonary) anthrax:
- Inhalation of endospores
- Bacteria enter the bloodstream; progresses into septic shock
- Near 100% mortality rate

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8
Q

Which body organ is affected by lymphangitis? What is the sign that indicates lymphangitis?

A

Lymph nodes

Inflamed lymph vessels

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9
Q

What is the term ‘puerperal’ linked to?

A

(after childbirth) mother can transfer Streptococcus pyogenes to uterus after childbirth

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10
Q

What is the mechanism that leads to rheumatic fever?

A

Autoimmune complication of Streptococcus pyogenes due to molecular mimicry mistaking streptococcal M protein with cells w/in heart valve

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11
Q

What is the source of the bacterium that causes gangrene?

A

Clostridium perfringens

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12
Q

What is the toxin that causes gangrene?

A

Phospholipase C (PLC) and perfringolysin O (PFO)

know that toxins get released to help it invade the host tissue more

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13
Q

How is ischemia linked to gangrene?

A

ischemic tissue does not contain oxygen, so anaerobic bacteria (Clostridium perfringens) can thrive on dead tissue.

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14
Q

How does gas gangrene spread?

A

After ischemia, necrosis (death of tissue occurs), This creates an optimal environment for the anaerobic Clostridium perfringens to grow and ferment, releasing gasses and causing gas gangrene

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15
Q

What is the animal reservoir for the microorganism that causes the plague?

A

small mammals and their fleas

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16
Q

What are the most common forms of the plague?

A
  • Bubonic plague – bacterial growth in blood and lymph (most common resulting in 50-75% mortality)
  • Septicemic plaque – septic shock due to bacteria in blood
  • Pneumonic plague – bacteria in lungs (easily spread results in 100% mortality rate)
17
Q

what is the bacteria responsible for Bubonic plague?

A

Yersinia pestis

18
Q

What is a buboe?

A

swollen lymph nodes

19
Q

What is the distinct sign that indicates Lyme disease?

A

Bull’s-eye rash; flulike symptoms

20
Q

what is the bacteria responsible for Lyme disease?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

21
Q

What is the vector that transmits Lyme disease?

A

Tick

22
Q

What are two diseases associated with Epstein-Barr virus? Which of these diseases is more common in the United States?

A
  • Burkitt’s lymphoma – tumor of the jaw (most common childhood cancer in Africa)
  • Infectious mononucleosis – replicates in resting memory B cells (most common in US)
23
Q

How is EBV transmitted to a new host?

A

Transmitted via saliva; incubation of 4 to 7 weeks

24
Q

Which age group is more likely to experience a new infection with EBV?

A

15 yrs-25 yrs old

25
Q

Which cell is infected and compromised to cause infectious mononucleosis?

A

memory B cells

26
Q

Approximately how long does mono last?

A

Approximately one month

27
Q

What is the incubation period for mono?

A

4 to 7 weeks

28
Q

How is Cytomegalovirus transmitted to a new host?

A

Transmitted sexually, via blood, saliva, or by
transplanted tissue

29
Q

What groups are most at risk to get Cytomegalovirus?

A

newborns (it can transmit across the placenta and cause mental retardation or hearing loss in newborns)

30
Q

Which specific cell types are infected by Cytomegalovirus?

A

white blood cells

31
Q

What can happen if a pregnant person gets Cytomegalovirus ?

A

the virus in your blood can pass through the placenta to your baby

Mental retardation or hearing loss in newborns

32
Q

What is the major sign of Ebola virus infection?

A

Bleeding from mucous membranes

33
Q

Where in the world is Ebola common?

A

Africa

34
Q

About how long does it take for Ebola to kill the host?

A

Death: 6-16 days from first symptoms

35
Q

what is the reservoir for ebola?

A

cave-dwelling fruit bat

Cameron Lecture study guides (24 decks)

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