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Cameron Lecture study guides > CH 21 : Microbial Diseases of Skin > Flashcards

CH 21 : Microbial Diseases of Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What is a vesicle

A

small fluid-filled lesions

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2
Q

What is a bullae

A

larger fluid-filled lesions (> 1 cm in diameter)

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3
Q

What is a macule

A

flat lesions (often reddish)

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4
Q

what is a Papule

A

raised lesions

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5
Q

What types of skin lesions can be seen?

A
  1. Vesicles: small fluid-filled lesions
  2. Bullae: larger fluid-filled lesions (> 1 cm in diameter)
  3. Macules: flat lesions (often reddish)
  4. Papules: raised lesions
    - When they contain pus: Pustules
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6
Q

When does a vesicle become a bulla?

A

if such a lesion is greater than 0.5 cm, it is termed a bulla.

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7
Q

What is a carbuncle?

A

hard round deep inflammation of tissue under the skin

  • Exhibits symptoms of fever
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8
Q

What is a furuncle?

A

(boil): abscess, localized region of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue

  • Antibiotics do not penetrate well into abscesses
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9
Q

Which Gram + bacterium causes inflammatory acne?

A

Propionibacterium acnes (Cutibacterium)

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10
Q

what are comedos?

A

whiteheads

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11
Q

What are comedones?

A

blackheads

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12
Q

What is a virulence factor?

A

characteristic or structure that contrutues to the ability of a microbe to cause disease

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13
Q

What are the names of the toxins that cause scalded skin syndrome?

A
  • Caused by Staphylococcus toxin
  1. Exfoliative toxin A- localized
  2. Exfoliative toxin B-distant sites
  • Cause a separation of skin layers
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14
Q

Which two bacteria cause impetigo?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus aureus

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15
Q

How does TSST-1 affect the body?

A

Toxins forms at growth site and circulates in bloodstream (TSS)

Cause fever, headache, vomiting, vascular shock

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16
Q

what organism causes toxic shock syndrome?

A

gram + bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus

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17
Q

what is erysipelas?

A

reddish patches with raised margins (can be local and systemic)

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18
Q

what type of bacteria cause erysipelas?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes
Group A beta strep (GAS)

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19
Q

Which organic acid produced by fermenting bacteria causes inflammation in the skin?

A

Propionic acid
- metabolizes sebum, eats glycerol and leaves fatty acids behind causing inflammatory acne

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20
Q

Which type of acne is the most severe?

A

Nodular cystic acne

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21
Q

What is the basis for subdividing
Streptococcus into smaller divisions?

A

Alpha - some hemolysin activity

Beta - Strong hemolysin activity

Gama - No hemolysin activity

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22
Q

Why are the Group A β Strep relevant?

A

Group A beta (aka: GAS) can fully lyse RBC so they are most commonly associated with human disease (most common human pathogens)

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23
Q

In what groups of people does Group B β Strep mainly cause disease?

A
  • Newborn babies (can be passed during childbirth b/c mom has it apart of their microbiome)
  • Pregnant women
  • Elderly
  • Immunosuppressed people
24
Q

What are the toxins that contribute to necrotizing fasciitis?

A

pyrogenic toxins,
Exfoliative toxins A and B are released from Staphylococcus aureus (causing scalded skin syndrome)

25
Q

Which bacterium is associated with water and can cause problems with
swimmers or bathers?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  • cause Pseudomonas dermatitis (rash) b/c pores open up in warm water and bodies make the water alkaline allowing bacteria to flourish and then invade
26
Q

How does measles spread?

A

Spread by the respiratory route

27
Q

What is the approximation incubation period of measles? (rubeola and rubella)

A

Rubeola - About 10 days

Rubella (Togaviridae) = German measles 2 to 3 weeks

28
Q

How does the chicken pox rash change over time?

A

First 3-4 days cause just vesicles
Then vesicles fill with pus and rupture forming scabs

29
Q

how does an adult with shingles give chicken pox to a child?

A

chicken pox and singles are caused by the same virus (Varicella-Zoster Virus) but chicken pox is due to the initial infection, and shingles is due to virus being reactivated within the body

30
Q

Can an adult with shingles give chicken pox to a child?

A

Yes

31
Q

Are the viruses present in the body continually between chicken pox and shingles?

A

Yes, they remain latent within the host’s cells peripheral nerves

32
Q

Which form of herpes simplex most commonly manifests near the mouth?

A

HSV-1

33
Q

How is oral herpes usually spread?

A

By salvia

ex: kissing, sharing drinks, eating utensils

34
Q

Which type of herpes simplex is much more common?

A

HSV-1

35
Q

Where does herpes simplex type-2 show lesions?

A

Genitalia

36
Q

How do superficial mycoses obtain nutrients?

A

Grows on keratin

37
Q

Which fungi affects hair, skin and nails?

A

Trichophyton

38
Q

Which fungi infects only the hair or skin?

A

Microsporum

39
Q

Which fungi infects only skin and nails?

A

Epidermophyton

40
Q

What are some genera of fungi that can infect the skin?

A
  • Trichophyton: infect hair, skin, nails
  • Microsporum: infects only the hair or skin
  • Epidermophyton: affects only skin and nails
41
Q

Which ringworm is of the scalp?

A

Tinea capitis

42
Q

Which ringworm is of the foot? aka Athlete’s foot

A

Tinea pedis

43
Q

Which ringworm is of the fingernails and toenails?

A

Tinea unguium

44
Q

Which ringworm is of the groin? aka jock itch

A

Tinea cruri

45
Q

What are the two skin parasites discussed in lecture?

A

Sarcoptes scabiei: scabies

Pediculus humanus : lice

46
Q

How are skin parasites usually transmitted to a new host?

A

1 way of transmission would be direct contact,

47
Q

What are the two subspecies of body lice?

A

Pediculus humanus capitis: head louse

Pediculus humanus corporis: body louse

48
Q

Which subspecies of lice can transmit disease?

A

Pediculus humanus corporis: body louse

49
Q

what is Necrotizing fascilitis? what organism causes it?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes
Group A beta strep (GAS)
“flesh eating bacteria” causes extreme swelling and destruction of skin

50
Q

what bacteria is associated with GBS? what does it stand for?

A

Group B beta strep
Streptococcus agalactiae

51
Q

what are the three types of acne in order of increasing severity?

A
  • comedonal (mild) - white/blackheads
  • inflammatory (moderate)
  • nodular cystic acne (severe)
52
Q

what type of organism causes folliculitis?

A

bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus

53
Q

what causes S. aureus to infect to cause folliculitis?

A

enters through a natural opening in the skin (hair follicle)

54
Q

what 4 things can folliculitis appear on the skin as?

A

pimples
sty
furuncle
carbuncle

55
Q

what is a sty?

A

infected follicle of an eyelash

56
Q

What is a raised skin lesion called?

A

Papule

57
Q

What virus causes chickenpox? What is it called when this virus gets activated again?

A

Vicerella. Shingles onces its activated again

Cameron Lecture study guides (24 decks)

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