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Cameron Lecture study guides > Chapter 22: Microbial Diseases of Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 22: Microbial Diseases of Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is meningitis?

A

Inflammation of the meninges

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2
Q

What is encephalitis?

A

Inflammation of the brain

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3
Q

What are the four bacteria that commonly cause meningitis?

A
  • Streptococcus pneumonia
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib)
  • Listeria monocytogenes
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4
Q

What are some of the characteristics that these different pathogens have in common?

A

most have capsule (protects from phagocytosis) except Listeria monocytogenes

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5
Q

Which type of meningitis is more common in college-aged students?

A

Neisseria meningitidis (Meningitis B)

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6
Q

Which meningitis bacterial type can be transferred from mother to fetus?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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7
Q

What is a critical symptom of meningitis?

A

inflammation of the meninges (leading to swelling of the brain [encephalitis] which can then lead to death)

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8
Q

How do viral and bacterial meningitis compare?

A

Viral is more common but more often is mild
Bacterial is more dangerous/deadly

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9
Q

What organism is responsible for botulism?

A

Clostridium botulinum

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10
Q

Is botulism caused by the organism itself or a released toxin?

A

Released exotoxin (neurotoxin)

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11
Q

What type of toxin is botulism caused by? What does this cause?

A

A type of neurotoxin
Blocks release of acetylcholin

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12
Q

What type of paralysis is caused by botulism?

A

Causes flaccid paralysis (muscle weakening)

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13
Q

What is the connection with babies, honey, and botulism?

A

Honey can contain the Clostridium botulinum bacteria that causes infant botulism

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14
Q

Know the major misconceptions about leprosy

A
  • It’s not contagious
  • it’s easily curable
    -it doesn’t make your limbs fall off
  • It takes years to develop
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15
Q

what type of organism is associated with leprosy?

A

Bacteria; Mycobacterium leprae

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16
Q

What is the alternate term for leprosy?

A

Hansen’s disease

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17
Q

Where does leprosy grow in the human body?

A

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

18
Q

How do immune responses contribute to the pathogenesis of leprosy?

A

the bacteria grow within the peripheral nervous system, when the body’s adaptive immune system begins to attack, it damages the nerves leading to loss of feeling (numbness)

19
Q

What type of organism causes tetanus?

A

Bacteria; Clostridium tetani

20
Q

Is tetanus caused by the organism itself or a released toxin?

A

Symptoms caused by released neurotoxins

21
Q

What toxin is released from Clostridium tetani?

A

Tetanospasmin: released upon death & lysis of
growing bacteria

22
Q

How does the tetanus toxin affect a person?

A

Neurotoxin blocks relaxation pathway
- Muscle spasms, lockjaw, opisthotonos

23
Q

How is polio commonly transmitted to a new host?

A

Ingested water contaminated with feces

24
Q

How do most infections with polio affect the host?

A

Most asymptomatic or exhibit mild symptoms

25
Q

What is the chance that infection with poliovirus will result in paralysis?

A

less than 1%

26
Q

Which body structure is completely paralyzed by a severe polio infection?

A

Lungs (not able to breathe)

27
Q

What is the only disease studied in this chapter that is susceptible to
vaccination after the initial exposure?

A

rabies

28
Q

Describe hydrophobia

A

Sight/thought/exposure to water sets off spasms

29
Q

What type of organism causes rabies?

A

virus

30
Q

How is dumb rabies distinct from classical rabies?

A

Minimal excitability (no foaming of the mouth or biting behavior)

31
Q

What general type of animal is more likely to show dumb rabies?

A

cats

32
Q

What is the vector for arboviral encephalitis?

A

Mosquitos

33
Q

How can Zika virus spread person to person?

A

Sexually
During pregnancy & delivery
Blood transfusions

34
Q

When is Zika the most severe?

A

Incidence increase in summer months

35
Q

What is the etiology of cryptococcosis?

A

Inhaling contaminated dropping of pigeons

36
Q

what type of organism can cause meningitis?

A

bacteria
viruses
fungi
protozoa

37
Q

what type of organism is Cryptococcus neoformans? where in the body can it effect?

A

fungus
can effect CNS

38
Q

True or false
Bacerial meningitis is much more common than viral meningitis and tends to cause a milder form of disease

A

False

39
Q

True or false
Botulism is caused by the bacteria and not the toxin

A

False

40
Q

What are the misconceptions of Hanses disease?

A
  • It causes limbs to fall off
  • ITs highly contagious
  • It spread rapidly
  • its deadly

Cameron Lecture study guides (24 decks)

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