Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cameron Lecture study guides > ch 19 Disorders associated with Immune system > Flashcards

ch 19 Disorders associated with Immune system Flashcards

1
Q

What is hypersensitivity?

A

immune system is functioning and targeting normally but is giving an undesirable response (excessive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is autoimmunity?

A

Immune system is functioning normally but is targeting abnormally (ends up attacking “self” cells and tissues)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is the immune system functioning normally during hypersensitivity?

A

Yes, but inducing an excessive response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is the immune system functioning normally during autoimmunity?

A

No, self-cells are mistakenly being attacked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the four types of hypersensitivity?

A

Type 1: anaphylactic hypersensitivity
Type 2: cytotoxic hypersensitivity
Type 3: Immune complex hypersensitivity
Type 4: delayed hypersensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens in the body when hypersensitivity Type 1 occurs?
What causes it?
How long does it take to occur?

A

anaphylactic hypersensitivity:

  • anaphylactic shock
  • Caused by insect stings / food
  • less than 30 minutes after exposure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens in the body when hypersensitivity Type 2 occurs?
What causes it?
How long does it take to occur?

A

cytotoxic hypersensitivity:

  • IgG and IgM cause MAC attack through complement
  • Caused by Rh Factor , thrombocytopenic purpura
  • 5-8 hours after exposure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens in the body when hypersensitivity Type 3 occurs?
What causes it?
How long does it take to occur?

A

Immune complex hypersensitivity:

  • antibody-antigen complex
  • Caused by serum sickness (such as a snake bite)
  • 2-8 hours after exposure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens in the body when hypersensitivity Type 4 occurs?
What causes it?
How long does it take to occur?

A

delayed hypersensitivity:

  • T cell response causing cell lysis
  • Caused by poison oak, poison ivy, cheap metals in jewelry
  • 1 - 3 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What types of hypersensitivity requires B cell activity?

A

Type 1: anaphylactic hypersensitivity

Type 2: cytotoxic hypersensitivity

Type 3: Immune complex hypersensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does the body normally respond to an injected antigen (like a bee sting) during a type I hypersensitivity?

A

systemic anaphylaxis that can lead to anaphylactic shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What were some examples of type II hypersensitivity given in class?

A
  • Rh Factor
  • thrombocytopenic purpura
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which types of hypersensitivity can be linked specifically to IgG?

A

Type 2: cytotoxic hypersensitivity

Type 3: Immune complex hypersensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which type of hypersensitivity is dependent only on T cell activation?

A

Type 4: delayed hypersensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which type of hypersensitivity has the shortest wait time for the onset of a reaction after exposure?

A

Type 1: anaphylactic hypersensitivity, responds in 30mins~

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the four types of autoimmunity are there?

A

Type 1: cytotoxic reaction
Type 2: cytotoxic reaction
Type 3: immune complex autoimmunity
Type 4: cell-mediated autoimmunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens in the body when autoimmunity Type 1 occurs?
Examples?

A

cytotoxic reaction:

  • Antibodies cause cell death
  • Ex: Hemolytic anemia causes hemolysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens in the body when autoimmunity Type 2 occurs?
Examples?

A

cytotoxic reaction:

  • antibodies alter cell function
  • Graves’ disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens in the body when autoimmunity Type 3 occurs?
Examples?

A

immune complex autoimmunity:

  • self antigens cause complex deposits
  • rheumatoid arthritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What happens in the body when autoimmunity Type 4 occurs?
Examples?

A

cell-mediated autoimmunity:

  • CD8+ T cells react to “self” cells
  • type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How are TH17 CD 4+ T cells related to the autoimmunities?

A

Excessive inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are a few of the suspected causes of hypersensitivity and autoimmunity?

A
  • Being too clean
  • Presence of industrial pollutants
23
Q

How does the hygiene hypothesis connect with hypersensitivity and autoimmunity?

A

Haven’t trained the immune system to fight off pathogens

24
Q

Is the immune system functioning normally during immunodeficiency?

A

No, Some or all not working properly

25
Q

What are the two most common immunodeficiencies?

A

Congenital: Inherited (genetic)

Aquired: Not inherited (cancer, virus)

26
Q

What does the abbreviation SCID stand for?

A

Severe Combines Immunodeficiency Disease

27
Q

How does SCID affect the immune system? Is SCID a serious condition?

A

SCID is congenital immunodeficiency disorder. A person is born without the ability to PRODUCE B AND T CELLS. YES THIS IS SERIOUS

28
Q

What are the structural characteristics of HIV?

A

(shes going to test on this)
- contains gp41 (aids in fusion)
- contains gp120 (binds with CD4 T cell receptor CCR5 or CXCR4)
- contains reverse transcriptase (allows for reproduction of virus and mutations)

  1. Virion is enveloped.
  2. Virion has prominent glycoprotein spikes
  3. Virion contains 2 pieces of ssRNA genome
  4. Virion contains the enzyme reverse transcriptase
29
Q

Which type of HIV is common in North America, for the United States and Mexico?

A

HIV 1: Clade B, Group M

30
Q

What allows HIV to change over the course of an infection?

A

Enzyme reverse transcriptase: creastes stable cDNA

31
Q

What are the human host cell receptor and coreceptors that allow HIV to infect?

A

CD4 and Coreceptor for attachment is either CCR5 or CXCR4

32
Q

Which specific immune cell types are infected by HIV?

A

Macrophages, Dendritic cells, CD4+ T cells

33
Q

How is the life cycle of HIV distinct from other viral families?

A

Retro virus using reverse transcriptase

34
Q

Which body organ becomes infested with large amounts of HIV?

A

Lymph node become chronic reservoirs

35
Q

How is HIV most likely to be transmitted?

A

Through contaminated body fluid: Intercourse, blood transfusion, sharing needles, open sores

36
Q

What is Phase 1 of HIV?

A

Asymptomatic phase

37
Q

What is Phase 2 of HIV?

A

Symptomatic phase

38
Q

What is Phase 3 of HIV?

A

AIDS

39
Q

How does T cell number relate to disease progression?

A

T cell count goes down as disease progresses

40
Q

What is the normal value, before disease starts to affect the body?

A

Normal value: 800-1200

41
Q

What does the abbreviation ARS stand for?

A

Acute Retroviral Syndrome

42
Q

During which phase of HIV infection would
ARS occur?

A

During Phase 1

43
Q

What is a noticeable indicator that HIV infection has progressed to phase 2?

A

Opportunistic pathogens become more common

44
Q

What does the abbreviation HAART stand for?

A

Highly Active Antiviral Therapy

45
Q

Why is treatment with HAART a
challenge in developing countries?

A

Its too expensive

46
Q

Which state has the most new HIV infections?

A

Florida

47
Q

Which state contains the greatest number of people living with HIV infections?

A

New York

48
Q

In the US, who is most at risk for becoming infected with HIV?

A

Homosexual males

49
Q

Globally, who is most at risk for becoming infected with HIV?

A

Women

50
Q

Be able to explain the difference between a person that is HIV positive and a person who has AIDS

A

AIDS has no adaptive immune system and takes a while to develop

HIV positive could be latent and unpassable if viral load is low enoough

51
Q

Even though AIDS is an infectious disease caused by a virus, why is it also considered an immunodeficiency disease?

A
  • HIV infects helper T cells, denritic cells, and macrohpages.
  • Over time, as HIV destroys these cells, this means it is destroying a large part of the immune system.
  • This eventually leaves a person with part of their immune system absent and not able to fight off infection
52
Q

How are hypersensitivity and autoimmunity disorders connected to the hygiene hypothesis?

A

H & A are connected to the hygiene hypothesis because the hygiene hypothese states that being too clean as a child (and not exposed to antigens) does not allow the immune system time to practice or train itself at targeting and functioning properly. If the immune system doesnt have good practice it will state to make mistakes more easily, leading to allergies and autoimmunities

53
Q

True or False

In autoimmune disorders the immune system is functioning but targeting abnormally

A

True

Cameron Lecture study guides (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions