Ch 20 Antimicrobial drugs Flashcards
How is an antibiotic different than an antimicrobial drug?
- Antimicrobial drugs inhibit the growth of pathogens in a host.
Sulfa drugs (synthetic) - Antibiotics are a substance produced by microorganisms that in small amounts (inhibit another organism)
You should remember the difference between bactericidal and bacteriostatic.
bactericidal - kills microbe
bacteriostatic - inhibits growth of microbe
How is a broad-spectrum antibiotic different than a narrow spectrum drug?
narrow spectrum: target one type of microbe
broad-spectrum: targets multiple types of microbes
Know the contributions of Ehrlich and Fleming to chemotherapy
Ehrlich - Father of chemotherapy
Fleming - Discovered the effectiveness of Penicillin
You should know the four genera of microorganisms that are the most common antibiotic producers
- Bacillus
- Streptomyces
- Cephalosporium
- Penicillium
What are the five functions of antimicrobial drug activity? You should know which category each of the covered antimicrobial drug fits in. (This is where the outline I gave you will be very beneficial)
You should know which drugs work against bacteria, fungi, viruses, etc
fungi: antifungal drugs
anti-protozoal drugs
viruses: nucleoside analogs
enzyme inhibitors
all others target bacteria
What is the spectrum of activity of most cell wall synthesis inhibitors?
narrow spectrum for Staphylococcus
What is the advantage of anti-staphylococcal Penicillins?
it can fight against MRSA
What are the cell wall inhibitor antibiotics that are narrow spectrum for acid-fast bacteria?
Antimycobacterial
Which genus of bacteria is acid-fast?
Mycobacterium
What is the usual spectrum of activity of protein synthesis inhibitors?
broad spectrum
Which of the drugs that you learned are examples of aminoglycosides?
Gentamicin
What is the only anti-bacterial membrane-damaging agent that was given in lecture?
Polymyxin B
What are the three topical antibacterial drugs that are available without a prescription?
- Bacitracin
- Chloramphenicol
- Polymyxin B
Why are these topical antibacterial drugs used topically instead of ingested as an oral medication?
they are used to treat: eyes, ears, skin, and urinary tract
taken orally because it can be toxic when ingested
Which two antibacterial drugs are completely synthetic?
- Oxazolidinones
- Sulfonamides
What does MRSA stand for?
Methicillin - Resistant S. aureus
What were the different kinds of enzyme inhibitors that were given that were effective against viral replication?
protease inhibitor
What do the names of antiviral medications all have in common?
ends in “-vir”
What is the sterol that is used by fungi? What is the sterol that is used by humans?
sterol used by fungi: ergosterol
sterol used by humans: cholesterol
Which anti-parasitic drugs target just tape worms?
Niclosamide
Which anti-parasitic drug targets tape worms and Flukes?
Praziquantel
Which anti-parasitic drug targets nematodes?
Ivermectin
Know the three anti-parasitic drugs and which worm type each targets best.
- Niclosamide: tapeworms
- Praziquantel: tapeworms and flukes
- Ivermectin: nematodes
-Review how organisms become antibiotic resistant, there could be a question on this.
can mutate which cause antibiotic resistance.
example in this lecture is antibiotics mutating with a gene that produces penicillinase. Penicillinase can break down the antibiotic Penicillin
What is most known for being a topical antibiotic?
polymyxin b
Protein synthesis inhibitors are stopping what process?
Translation
