Ch 20 Antimicrobial drugs

Question 1

How is an antibiotic different than an antimicrobial drug?

Answer 1

• Antimicrobial drugs inhibit the growth of pathogens in a host.
  Sulfa drugs (synthetic)
• Antibiotics are a substance produced by microorganisms that in small amounts (inhibit another organism)

Question 2

You should remember the difference between bactericidal and bacteriostatic.

Answer 2

bactericidal - kills microbe
bacteriostatic - inhibits growth of microbe

Question 3

How is a broad-spectrum antibiotic different than a narrow spectrum drug?

Answer 3

narrow spectrum: target one type of microbe
broad-spectrum: targets multiple types of microbes

Question 4

Know the contributions of Ehrlich and Fleming to chemotherapy

Answer 4

Ehrlich - Father of chemotherapy

Fleming - Discovered the effectiveness of Penicillin

Question 5

You should know the four genera of microorganisms that are the most common antibiotic producers

Answer 5

1. Bacillus
2. Streptomyces
3. Cephalosporium
4. Penicillium

Question 6

What are the five functions of antimicrobial drug activity? You should know which category each of the covered antimicrobial drug fits in. (This is where the outline I gave you will be very beneficial)

Question 7

You should know which drugs work against bacteria, fungi, viruses, etc

Answer 7

fungi: antifungal drugs
anti-protozoal drugs

viruses: nucleoside analogs
enzyme inhibitors

all others target bacteria

Question 8

What is the spectrum of activity of most cell wall synthesis inhibitors?

Answer 8

narrow spectrum for Staphylococcus

Question 9

What is the advantage of anti-staphylococcal Penicillins?

Answer 9

it can fight against MRSA

Question 10

What are the cell wall inhibitor antibiotics that are narrow spectrum for acid-fast bacteria?

Answer 10

Antimycobacterial

Question 11

Which genus of bacteria is acid-fast?

Answer 11

Mycobacterium

Question 12

What is the usual spectrum of activity of protein synthesis inhibitors?

Answer 12

broad spectrum

Question 13

Which of the drugs that you learned are examples of aminoglycosides?

Answer 13

Gentamicin

Question 14

What is the only anti-bacterial membrane-damaging agent that was given in lecture?

Answer 14

Polymyxin B

Question 15

What are the three topical antibacterial drugs that are available without a prescription?

Answer 15

• Bacitracin
• Chloramphenicol
• Polymyxin B

Question 16

Why are these topical antibacterial drugs used topically instead of ingested as an oral medication?

Answer 16

they are used to treat: eyes, ears, skin, and urinary tract
taken orally because it can be toxic when ingested

Question 17

Which two antibacterial drugs are completely synthetic?

Answer 17

• Oxazolidinones
• Sulfonamides

Question 18

What does MRSA stand for?

Answer 18

Methicillin - Resistant S. aureus

Question 19

What were the different kinds of enzyme inhibitors that were given that were effective against viral replication?

Answer 19

protease inhibitor

Question 20

What do the names of antiviral medications all have in common?

Answer 20

ends in “-vir”

Question 21

What is the sterol that is used by fungi? What is the sterol that is used by humans?

Answer 21

sterol used by fungi: ergosterol

sterol used by humans: cholesterol

Question 22

Which anti-parasitic drugs target just tape worms?

Answer 22

Niclosamide

Question 23

Which anti-parasitic drug targets tape worms and Flukes?

Answer 23

Praziquantel

Question 24

Which anti-parasitic drug targets nematodes?

Answer 24

Ivermectin

Question 25

Know the three anti-parasitic drugs and which worm type each targets best.

Answer 25

• Niclosamide: tapeworms
• Praziquantel: tapeworms and flukes
• Ivermectin: nematodes

Question 26

-Review how organisms become antibiotic resistant, there could be a question on this.

Answer 26

can mutate which cause antibiotic resistance.
example in this lecture is antibiotics mutating with a gene that produces penicillinase. Penicillinase can break down the antibiotic Penicillin

Question 27

What is most known for being a topical antibiotic?

Answer 27

polymyxin b

Question 28

Protein synthesis inhibitors are stopping what process?

Answer 28

Translation