Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life

Question 1

atomic symbol

Answer 1

one or two letters

Question 2

atomic number

Answer 2

number of protons, always same number for any atom of a particular element

Question 3

ions

Answer 3

formed when an atom gains or loses an electron

Question 4

cation

Answer 4

positively charged ion

Question 5

anion

Answer 5

negatively charged ion

Question 6

isotopes

Answer 6

have the same number of protons and electrons, neutron number differs

Question 7

60% of body weight

Answer 7

water

Question 8

ionic bond

Answer 8

electron transfer, element becomes charged

Question 9

covalent bond

Answer 9

electron sharing, necessary for strength

Question 10

hydrogen bond

Answer 10

formed between H and another element

Question 11

nonpolar molecules

Answer 11

share electrons equally, hydrophobic

Question 12

polar molecules

Answer 12

share electrons unevenly, hydrophilic

Question 13

solutions

Answer 13

solvent dissolves or disassociates solutes

Question 14

dissolve

Answer 14

when a polar covalent bonded molecule is placed in water

Question 15

disassociation

Answer 15

when ionically bonded molecules are placed in water, pull apart into ions called electrolytes

Question 16

anabolic reactions

Answer 16

synthesis reactions, energy goes in

Question 17

catabolic reactions

Answer 17

decomposition reactions, energy goes out

Question 18

oxidation reduction (redox)

Answer 18

oxidation occurs when there is a loss of an electron, reduction occurs when an electron is gained

Question 19

metabolism

Answer 19

all chemical reactions that occur in the human body

Question 20

what can affect reaction rates

Answer 20

temperature, concentration, particle size, catalysts

Question 21

organic compounds

Answer 21

contain carbon, building blocks of life

Question 22

monomer

Answer 22

single molecules

Question 23

dimer

Answer 23

two molecules

Question 24

polymer

Answer 24

3+ molecules, can be broken down into monomers

Question 25

macromolecules

Answer 25

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 26

triglycerides

Answer 26

composed of glycerol and three fatty acids; fatty acids may be saturated or unsaturated

Question 27

phospholipids

Answer 27

composed of glycerol, two fatty acids, a phosphate, and various organic groups; fatty acid form two nonpolar tails, rest forms polar head
most abundant lipid in human body

Question 28

steroids

Answer 28

four rings composed predominantly of hydrocarbons that differ in side chains extending from rings

Question 29

glucose

Answer 29

most common monosaccharide; primary nutrient supplying energy to cells

Question 30

primary protein structure

Answer 30

chains

Question 31

secondary protein structure

Answer 31

α alpha helix, β beta pleated sheet

Question 32

tertiary protein structure

Answer 32

final 3d shape of proteins, forming globular and rods

Question 33

quaternary protein structure

Answer 33

composed of two or more separate proteins, rods and globular

Question 34

fibrous proteins

Answer 34

important for structure, shape and movement

Question 35

globular proteins

Answer 35

enzymes, hormones, and membrane channels

Question 36

enzymes

Answer 36

protein with a 3D shape, often globular, catalysts and coenzymes