Ch 8 Joints Intro and Movement

Question 1

fibrous joints and what are the three types of

Answer 1

bones joined by dense fibrous connective tissue
no joint cavity
most are immoveable
sutures, syndemoses, gomphoses

Question 2

sutures

Answer 2

rigid, interlocking joints of skull
synarthritic
allow for growth during youth (contain short connective fibers that allow for expansion)
ossify and fuse in middle age
closed immovable sutures referred to as SYNTOSES

Question 3

syndesmoses

Answer 3

bones connected by ligaments
fibers length varies, so movement varies
amphiarthrotic
short fibers offer little to no movement, long fibers offer a larger amount of movement
ie inferior tibiofibular joint and interosseous membrane connecting radius and ulna

Question 4

gomphoses

Answer 4

peg-in socket joints
synarthroses
only example teeth in alveolar sockets, fibrous connection is periodontal ligament, holds tooth in socket

Question 5

cartilaginous joints

Answer 5

bones united by cartilage
like fibrous joints, have no joint cavity
not highly moveable
synchondroses and symphyses

Question 6

synchondroses

Answer 6

bar or plate of hyaline cartilage that unites bones
almost all are synarthrotic
ie temporary epiphyseal plates becomes synarthroses after closure, cartilage of 1st rib w manubrium of sternum

Question 7

symphyses

Answer 7

fibrocartilage unites bone in symphysis joint (hyaline also present as articular cartilage on bony surfaces)
strong, amphiarthrotic joints
intervertebral discs and pubic sympysis

Question 8

nonaxial

Answer 8

slipping movement only

Question 9

uniaxial

Answer 9

movement in one plane

Question 10

biaxial

Answer 10

movement in two planes

Question 11

multiaxial

Answer 11

movement in all or around all three planes

Question 12

three general type of movment

Answer 12

gliding, angular movement, rotation

Question 13

gliding movment

Answer 13

one flat bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface

Question 14

types of angular movement

Answer 14

flexion and extension (hyperextension) abduction and adduction, circumduction, rotation

Question 15

flexion

Answer 15

decreases angle of joint

Question 16

extension

Answer 16

increases angle of joint

Question 17

hyperextension

Answer 17

movement beyond anatomical position

Question 18

abduction

Answer 18

movement along frontal plane, away from midline

Question 19

adduction

Answer 19

movement along frontal plane, toward the midline

Question 20

circiumduction

Answer 20

involves flexion, extension, and adduction of limb
limb describes cone in space

Question 21

rotation, what are the two directions

Answer 21

turning of bone around its own axis, towards midline or away from it
medial (toward midline) lateral (away from midline)

Question 22

special movements

Answer 22

supination and pronation, dorsiflexion and plantar flexion, inversion and eversion, protraction and retraction, elevation and depression, opposition

Question 23

supination

Answer 23

palms face anteriorly, radius and ulna parallel (rotation of radius and ulna)

Question 24

pronation

Answer 24

palms face posteriorly, radius crosses over ulna (rotation of radius and ulna)

Question 25

dorsiflexion

Answer 25

bending foot toward shin

Question 26

plantar flexion

Answer 26

pointing toes

Question 27

inversion

Answer 27

eversion

Question 28

inversion

Answer 28

sole of foot faces medially

Question 29

eversion

Answer 29

sole of foot faces laterally

Question 30

protraction

Answer 30

mandible juts out (movement in lateral plane)

Question 31

retraction

Answer 31

mandible pulled towards neck (movement in lateral plane)

Question 32

elevation

Answer 32

lifting body superiorly (shrugging shoulders)

Question 33

depression

Answer 33

lowering body part (opening jaw

Question 34

opposition

Answer 34

movement of thumb. touching thumb to tips of other fingers on same hand or grasping motion