Ch 17 Endocrine Intro Flashcards

1
Q

functions of endocrine system

A

regulate growth, development, metabolism
maintain homeostasis of blood composition and volume
controlling digestive process
control reproductive activities

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2
Q

autocrines and paracrines are what?

A

not hormones!

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3
Q

autocrines

A

chemicals that exert their effects on the same cells that secrete them

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4
Q

paracrines

A

locally acting chemicals that affect cells other than those that secrete them

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5
Q

how are hormones broken down?

A

kidneys, primarily liver

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6
Q

what are hormones

A

signaling molecules released by multicellular glands into blood and transported throughout body

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7
Q

amino acid hormones

A

hydrophilic
hormone binds to receptor cell surface
binding triggers a change in activity of enzyme inside cell
most hormones
(amines, thyroxine, peptide, protein)

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8
Q

steroid hormones

A

small nonpolar
most diffuse across the plasma membrane - bind to receptor
hormone receptor complex acts in nucleus to inhibit or enhance transcription
(gonadal, adrenocortical)

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9
Q

eicosanoids

A

biologically active lipids w local hormone like activity
(leukotrines, prostaglandins)

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10
Q

types of hormones

A

amino acid, steroid, eicosanoids

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11
Q

properties of hormones

A

regulate metabolic function of cell
maintain homeostasis
have lag times ranging from seconds to hours
tend to have prolonged effects

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12
Q

hormones produce one or more of the following cellular changes

A

alter plasma membrane permeability
activate or deactivate enzyme systems
stimulate protein synthesis
induce secretory activity
stimulate mitosis

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13
Q

how are hormones synthesized and released

A

humoral
neural
hormonal stimuli

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14
Q

humoral stimuli

A

secretion of hormones in direct response to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients
(Ca levels in blood)

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15
Q

neural stimuli

A

nerve fibers stimulate hormone release
(SNS stimulates the adrenal medulla)
nervous system can override normal endocrine control

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16
Q

hormonal stimuli

A

release of hormones in response to hormones produced by other endocrine organs (hypothalamus stimulates pituitary)