Ch 8 Synovial Joints Flashcards
synovial joints
diarthroses
6 general features: articular cartilage, synovial cavity, articular capsule, synovial fluid, supporting ligaments, nerves and blood supply
articular cartilage
consists of hyaline cartilage covering the ends of bones, prevents crushing of bones
reduces friction
joint cavity
small potential space filled with synovial fluid that is unique to joints
reduces friction
articular (joint) capsule
external fibrous layer - dense irregular connective tisse
inner synovial membrane - loose connective tissue that makes synovial fluid
reduces friction
synovial fluid
viscous slippery filtrate of plasma and hyaluronic acid
lubricates and nourishes articular cartilage
contains phagocytic cells to remove microbes and debris
supporting ligaments
capsular - thickened part of fibrous layer
extra capsular - outside the joint capsule
intracapsular - deep to capsule; covered by synovial membrane
blood vessels and nerves
nerves detect pain, monitor joint position (proprioception) and stretch
capillary beds supply filtrate for synovial fluid
web like structure of blood vessels around joint called anastomosis - important to always have a pathway for blood to reach joint
types of synovial joints
plane, hinge, pivot, consular, saddle, ball and socket
plane joint
sliding and gliding joints
nonaxial
intercarpal and intertarsal joints, joints between vertebral articular surfaces
hinge
flexion and extension
uniaxial
elbow, interphalangeal joints
pivot
one bone rotates around another, rotation
uniaxial
proximal radioulnar joints, alantoaxial joints
consular
condyles coming together
flexion and extension, adduction and abduction
biaxial movement
metacarpal joints
metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joint, wrist joint
saddle
biaxial
adduction and abduction, flexion and extension
carpometacarpal joints of thumb
ball and socket
multiaxial
flexion and extension, adduction and abduction, rotation
shoulder and hip joints
five main synovial joints
knee, shoulder, elbow, hip, jaw