Ch 8 Synovial Joints Flashcards

1
Q

synovial joints

A

diarthroses
6 general features: articular cartilage, synovial cavity, articular capsule, synovial fluid, supporting ligaments, nerves and blood supply

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2
Q

articular cartilage

A

consists of hyaline cartilage covering the ends of bones, prevents crushing of bones
reduces friction

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3
Q

joint cavity

A

small potential space filled with synovial fluid that is unique to joints
reduces friction

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4
Q

articular (joint) capsule

A

external fibrous layer - dense irregular connective tisse
inner synovial membrane - loose connective tissue that makes synovial fluid
reduces friction

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5
Q

synovial fluid

A

viscous slippery filtrate of plasma and hyaluronic acid
lubricates and nourishes articular cartilage
contains phagocytic cells to remove microbes and debris

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6
Q

supporting ligaments

A

capsular - thickened part of fibrous layer
extra capsular - outside the joint capsule
intracapsular - deep to capsule; covered by synovial membrane

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7
Q

blood vessels and nerves

A

nerves detect pain, monitor joint position (proprioception) and stretch
capillary beds supply filtrate for synovial fluid
web like structure of blood vessels around joint called anastomosis - important to always have a pathway for blood to reach joint

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8
Q

types of synovial joints

A

plane, hinge, pivot, consular, saddle, ball and socket

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9
Q

plane joint

A

sliding and gliding joints
nonaxial
intercarpal and intertarsal joints, joints between vertebral articular surfaces

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10
Q

hinge

A

flexion and extension
uniaxial
elbow, interphalangeal joints

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11
Q

pivot

A

one bone rotates around another, rotation
uniaxial
proximal radioulnar joints, alantoaxial joints

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12
Q

consular

A

condyles coming together
flexion and extension, adduction and abduction
biaxial movement
metacarpal joints
metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joint, wrist joint

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13
Q

saddle

A

biaxial
adduction and abduction, flexion and extension
carpometacarpal joints of thumb

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14
Q

ball and socket

A

multiaxial
flexion and extension, adduction and abduction, rotation
shoulder and hip joints

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15
Q

five main synovial joints

A

knee, shoulder, elbow, hip, jaw

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16
Q

knee joint

A

largest, most complex
consists of three joints surrounded by single cavity
1) femoropatellar - plane joint allows for gliding during flexion
2 and 3) Lateral and Medial Joint
-hinge joint allows flexion, extension, and some rotation when knee partly flexed; lateral and medial joints together are called tibiofemoral joint
- it is the joint between femoral condyles and lateral and menisci of tibia

17
Q

shoulder (glenohumeral joint)

A

glenoid labrum - fibrocartilagenous rim around glenoid cavity adds depth. only holds 1/3 head of humerus
coracohumeral ligament supports weight of upper limb
three glenoid humeral ligaments strengthen anterior capsule
four rotator cuffs tendons: subscapulus, suprascapulus, infraspinous, teres minor

18
Q

elbow joint

A

hinge joint allows for flexion and extension only
annuler ligament surrounds head of radius
ulnarcollateral ligament and radial collateral ligament restrict side to side movement

19
Q

hip (coxal) joint

A

ball and socket joint
acetebulum labrum - rim of fibrocartilage that enhances depth of socket

20
Q

class one lever

A

fulcrum in middle, effort on one end, resistance on the other end
movement between atlas and occipital condyle of skull

21
Q

class two lever

A

fulcrum on one side, load in the middle, effort on other end
like wheelbarrow, best kind of lever
gastroc-soleus pulling on calcaneus

22
Q

class three level

A

fulcrum on one side, effort in the middle, load on other end
like chopsticks, most muscles
elbow joint, mandible when eating