Ch 12 Nervous System - Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemicals used for neuronal communication w body and brain

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2
Q

chemical neurotransmitters

A

acetylcholine, biogenic amines, amino acids, peptides, novel messengers (ATP and dissolved NO and CO)

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3
Q

acetylcholine

A

CNS - motor cortex
PNS - neuromuscular junction
excitatory or inhibitory (skeletal muscle vs myocardium)

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4
Q

biogenic amines

A

catecholamines and indolamines
play roles in emotional behaviors and biological clock

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5
Q

catecholamines

A

dopamine, norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine

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6
Q

indolamines

A

serotonin and histamine

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7
Q

dopamine

A

CNS - hypothalamus
PNS - sympathetic neurons
excitatory or inhibitory; “feel good” NT

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8
Q

serotonin

A

CNS - hypothalamus; limbic system
inhibitory
plays roll in sleep, appetite, migraines
important in mood regulation

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9
Q

amino acids

A

found only in CNS
GABA, glycine, glutamate, aspartate (NMDA)

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10
Q

GABA

A

CNS - hypothalamus; spinal cord
inhibitory
too much or too little can affect wanted and unwanted movements

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11
Q

peptides

A

substance P - mediator of pain signals
beta endorphin, dynorphin, enkephalins
act as natural opiates, reducing perception of pain
gut brain peptides - somatostatin and cholecystokinin

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12
Q

endorphins and enkephalins

A

CNS - hypothalamus; cerebral cortex
inhibitory
natural pain killer

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13
Q

ATP

A

found in both CNS and PNS
excitatory and inhibitory
introduces Ca++ wave propagation in astrocytes
provokes pain sensation

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14
Q

excitatory neurotransmitters

A

cause depolarization (eg glutamate)

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15
Q

inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

cause hyperpolarization (eg GABA and glycine)

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16
Q

divergent neuronal pool

A

one incoming fiber stimulates ever increasing number of fibers, often amplifying circuits

17
Q

convergent neuronal pool

A

opposite of divergent; results in either strong stimulation or inhibition