Ch 4 Cell Theory and Organelles Flashcards

1
Q

what makes a cell a cell?

A

barrier, organelles, energy transfer, proteins, DNA

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2
Q

plasma membrane

A

fluid mixture of equal parts lipid and protein by weight. regulates movement of MOST substances in and out of cell, contains phospholipids, cholesterols, and glycoproteins

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3
Q

phospholipid bilayer

A

polar hydrophilic heads, nonpolar hydrophobic tails, ensures cytosol remains inside cell and interstitium outside

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4
Q

membrane cholesterol

A

support

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5
Q

membrane glycoproteins

A

maintain extracellular matrix

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6
Q

membrane proteins

A

half of plasma membrane by weight, float and move in fluid bilayer, perform most membrane functions

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7
Q

what are the six membrane proteins

A

transport, cell surface receptors, identify markers, enzymes, anchoring sites, cell adhesion

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8
Q

transport proteins

A

regulate movement of substances across membrane

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9
Q

cell surface receptors

A

bind molecules call ligands

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10
Q

identify markers

A

distinguish healthy cells from cells to be destroyed

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11
Q

enzymes

A

catabolize chemical reactions, could be internal or external

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12
Q

anchoring sites

A

secure cytoskeleton to plasma membrane

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12
Q

cell adhesion

A

perform cell to cell attachments

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13
Q

ligands

A

molecules that bind to macromolecules, ie a neurotransmitter released from a nerve cell that binds to the cell surface receptor of a muscle cell

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14
Q

a cell is only a cell if…

A

…plasma membrane is intact and functioning

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15
Q

cytoplasm

A

cellular components between plasma membrane and nucleus. includes cytosol, organelles, and inclusions

16
Q

cytosol

A

viscous fluid of the cytoplasm, high water content, contains dissolved macromolecules and ions

17
Q

organelles

A

complex organized structures within cells, unique shapes and functions

18
Q

membrane bound

A

organelles enclosed by a membrane

19
Q

non-membrane bound

A

composed of protein

20
Q

nucleus

A

contains DNA instructions for building proteins, controls functions of cell
membrane bound

21
Q

ribosomes

A

read genetic information coming from nucleus and translates it
non-membrane bound

22
Q

rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

ribosomes attached, protein synthesis
membrane bound

23
Q

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

lipid synthesis (liver) steroid synthesis (testes) absorption and transport of fats (intestines) detoxification (liver) molecule breakdown (liver)
membrane bound

24
Q

golgi complex

A

logistics center: modifies proteins and lipids. vesicles move to membrane and contents expelled through exocytosis
membrane bound

25
Q

lysosome

A

vesicles containing digestive enzymes - acidic (phagocytosis)
membrane bound

26
Q

mitochondria

A

powerhouse of the cell. ATP production
membrane bound

27
Q

cytoskeleton

A

made of fibrous proteins
microfilaments - actin
intermediate filaments - high tension strength; tendons, filaments
microtubules - function in intercellular matrix
non-membrane bound

28
Q

centrioles

A

barrel shaped, base of cilia and flagella, important in mitosis
non-membrane bound