Ch 17 Signal Transduction and Pharmacokinetics Flashcards

1
Q

signal transduction

A

chemical signals are releases from one cell then binds to a receptor on another cell
signals only bind to their specific receptor

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2
Q

second messenger systems

A

adenylate cyclase - cAMP
phospholipase C - PIP2 DAG IP3 (Ca++)

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3
Q

direct gene interactions

A

steroids

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4
Q

cAMP pathway

A

1) chemical signals bind to G protein coupled receptor, next to G protein (in plasma membrane)
2) GTP binds to the G protein and the whole structure moves so the G protein can activate adenylyl cyclase
3) there, it takes ATP and strips two phosphates to become cAMP
4) cAMP affects chance within cell by activating protein kinases inside cell which changes cell function

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5
Q

PIP2 DAG IP3 pathway

A

1) chemical signal binds to G protein coupled receptor
2) G protein activates protein kinase C
3) PIP2 gets broken into DAG and IP3
4) DAG activates PKC to alter cell function
5) IP3 goes to ER to bind to Ca++ channels and open them
6) Ca++ affects changes in cell

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6
Q

steroid pathway (small nonpolar molecules)

A

1) steroid enters cell unassisted
2) binds directly to genome to affect protein synthesis

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7
Q

avidity

A

how long a ligand stays once its there

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8
Q

affinity

A

how well a ligand fits in a receptor

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9
Q

how long a signal stays in blood

A

half life (affected by amount of enzymes in liver)

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10
Q

steroids in blood

A

some need transporter due to blood 50% water (small nonpolar)

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11
Q

the more often a ligand is in a receptor…

A

…the longer the signal is transmitted

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12
Q

synergism

A

multiple signals being transmitted for a bigger effect

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13
Q

blockers

A

high affinity but prevents true ligand from binding and prevents signals (one example of antagonism)

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14
Q

example of antagonism

A

two opposite signals binding and cancelling each other out

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15
Q

permissive

A

two ligands binding at the same time to cause an effect (one signal on its own will not do it)

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