Ch 6/7 Skeletal System pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

axial skeleton

A

skull, vertebral column, ribs

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2
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

upper and lower limbs, shoulder and hip girdle

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3
Q

function of bones

A

support, protection, movement (bones as levers), mineral storage (Ca and P), hematopoiesis

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4
Q

long bones

A

shaft and two ends (ie humerus, tibia, ulna, phalanges)

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5
Q

short bones

A

cube shaped (carpals, tarsals)

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6
Q

flat bones

A

thin, flat, slightly curved (ie ribs, scapula, skullbones, sternum)

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7
Q

irregular bones

A

complicated shapes (vertebra, coxal bones)

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8
Q

foramen

A

hole through bone

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9
Q

meatus

A

canal through bone

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10
Q

fossa

A

shallow depression in bone

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11
Q

condyle

A

rounded projection involved in articulation (bone-bone connection)

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12
Q

head

A

larger bony projection held on a narrow neck

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13
Q

facet

A

smooth, flattened surface forming articulation

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14
Q

tubercle

A

small, rounded projection (often rough area)

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15
Q

crest

A

narrow, prominent ridge of bone

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16
Q

osteocyte

A

maintain bone tissue

17
Q

osteoblast

A

form bone matrix

18
Q

osteoclast

A

resorbs bone

19
Q

osteogenic

A

stem cells

20
Q

osteoprogenitor

A

become osteocytes

21
Q

chondrocytes

A

mature cartilage cells

22
Q

chondroblasts

A

cartilage forming cells

23
Q

bone homestasis

A

1) Resting - ossified, rigid
2) Activation - activates osteoclasts for resorption
3) Resorption - osteoclasts secrete hydrochloric acid to break down P and Ca in osteocytes for blood
4) Reversal - activates osteoblasts for reforming
5) Formation - formation of new osteocytes
6) Mineralization - adding Ca and P back to bone to ossify

24
Q

bones as mineral storage

A

when blood levels of Ca are too high, calcitonin is released and osteoblasts add Ca to bone

when blood levels of Ca are too low, PTH (parathyroid hormone) is release and stimulates osteoclast activity

25
Q

two types of bone development in fetus

A

starts at 8 weeks
fibrous membranes (intermembranous ossification) bones of skull and clavicle
hyaline cartilage (endochondral ossification) all bones below skull except clavicle, epiphyseal plates form between diaphysis an epiphysis

26
Q

how are bones formed

A

longitudinally, from the center out. appositional growth on the inside (center widens and bone expands)