Chapter 15 Flashcards
what does the imperfect tense express?
an action or actions in the past that are not seen as completed; 1. “sets stage” in the past; to express a narration in the past 2. express habitual or repeated actions in the past 3. express continuous actions 4. past description 5. time in the past 5. point of origin in past 6. age in past
I accompanied (imperfect tense)
yo acompañaba
I accompanied (imperfect tense)
tú acompañabas
he accompanied (imperfect tense)
él acompañaba
we accompanied (imperfect tense)
nosotros acompañábamos
they accompanied (imperfect tense)
ellos acompañaban
I gave (imperfect tense)
yo daba
you gave (imperfect tense)
tú dabas
she gave (imperfect tense)
ella daba
we gave (imperfect tense)
nosotros debamos
they(f) gave (imperfect tense)
ellas daban
I was (imperfect tense)
yo estaba
you were (imperfect tense)
tú estabas
you(fm) were (imperfect tense)
Ud. estaba
we were (imperfect tense)
nosotros estábamos
you(fm pl) were (imperfect tense)
Uds. estaban
I spoke (imperfect tense)
yo hablaba
you spoke (imperfect tense)
tú hablabas
he spoke (imperfect tense)
él hablaba
we spoke
nosotros hablábamos
they spoke
ellos hablaban
I remembered (imperfect tense)
yo recordaba
you remembered (imperfect tense)
tú recordabas
she remembered (imperfect tense)
ella recordaba
we remembered (imperfect tense)
nosotros recordábamos
they(f) remembered (imperfect tense)
ellas recordaban
I worked (imperfect tense)
yo trabajaba
you worked (imperfect tense)
tú trabajabas
you(fm) worked (imperfect tense)
Ud. trabajaba
we worked (imperfect tense)
nosotros trabajábamos
you(fm pl) worked (imperfect tense)
Uds. trabajaban
I understood (imperfect tense)
yo entendía
you understood (imperfect tense)
tú entendías
he understood (imperfect tense)
él entendía
we understood (imperfect tense)
nosotros entendíamos
they understood (imperfect tense)
ellos entendián
I was able to (imperfect tense)
yo podía
you were able to (imperfect tense)
tú podías
you(fm) were able to (imperfect tense)
Ud. podía
we were able to (imperfect tense)
nosotros podíamos
you (fm pl) were able to (imperfect tense)
Uds. podían
I knew (imperfect tense)
yo sabía
you knew (imperfect tense)
tú sabías
she knew (imperfect tense)
ella sabía
we knew (imperfect tense)
nosotros sabíamos
they(f) knew (imperfect tense)
ellas sabían
I did (imperfect tense)
yo hacía
you did (imperfect tense)
tú hacías
she did (imperfect tense)
ella hacía
we did (imperfect tense)
nosotros hacíamos
they(f) did (imperfect tense)
ellas hacían
I wanted (imperfect tense)
yo quería
you wanted (imperfect tense)
tú quierías
he wanted (imperfect tense)
él quería
we wanted (imperfect tense)
nosotros queríamos
they wanted (imperfect tense)
ellos querían
I had (imperfect tense)
yo tenía
you had (imperfect tense)
tú tenías
you(fm) had (imperfect tense)
Ud. tenía
we had (imperfect tense)
nosotros teníamos
you (fm pl) had (imperfect tense)
Uds. tenían
there was, there were (imperfect tense)
había
I said (imperfect tense)
yo decía
you said (imperfect tense)
tú decías
he said (imperfect tense)
él decía
we said (imperfect tense)
nosotros decíamos
they said (imperfect tense)
ellos decían
I felt (imperfect tense)
me sentía
you felt (imperfect tense)
te sentías
you(fm) felt (imperfect tense)
Ud. se sentía
we felt (imperfect tense)
nos sentíamos
you(fm pl ) felt (imperfect tense)
Uds. se sentían
I enjoyed (imperfect tense)
me divertía
you enjoyed (imperfect tense)
te divertías
she enjoyed (imperfect tense)
ella se divertía
we enjoyed (imperfect tense)
nos divertíamos
they(f) enjoyed (imperfect tense)
ellas se divertían
I came (imperfect tense)
yo venía
you came (imperfect tense)
tú venías
he came (imperfect tense)
él venía
we came (imperfect tense)
nosotros veníamos
they came (imperfect tense)
ellos venían
I was going to (imperfect tense)
yo iba
you were going to (imperfect tense)
tú ibas
he was going to (imperfect tense)
él iba
we were going to (imperfect tense)
nosotros íbamos
they were going to (imperfect tense)
ellos iban
I was (description) (imperfect tense)
yo era
you were (description)(imperfect tense)
tú eras
she was (description)(imperfect tense)
ella era
we were (description)(imperfect tense)
nosotros éramos
they(f) were (description)(imperfect tense)
ellas eran
I saw (imperfect tense)
yo veía
you saw (imperfect tense)
tú veías
you(fm) saw (imperfect tense)
Ud. veía
we saw (imperfect tense)
nosotros veíamos
you(fm pl) (imperfect tense)
Uds. veían
I was going to speak.
Yo iba a hablar.
We were going to buy a new car.
Nosotros íbamos a comprar un carro nuevo.
The sun was shining and the birds were singing.
El sol brillaba y los pájaros cantaban.
to shine
brillar
The moon lit up the river and the fishermen were throwing their nets.
La luna alumbraba el río y los pescadores lanzaban sus redes.
to light up, to illuminate
alumbrar
the fisherman
el pescador
the nets
las redes
There was a profound silence in the forest; night was already falling.
Había un silencio profundo en el bosque; ya caía la noche.
There was no one in the house.
No había nadie en la casa.
The thieves were waiting outside.
Los ladrones esperaban afuera.
the forest
el bosque
the thief
el ladrón
Every summer, I used to play tennis with my friends.
Todos los veranos, yo jugaba al tenis con mis amigos.
Every day, Paulina and I used to eat lunch at 1 in the afternoon.
Todos los días, Paulina y yo almorzábamos a la una de la tarde.
Each night, before going to sleep, the old man put his teeth in a glass of water.
Cada noche, antes de dormirse, el viejo ponía sus dientes en un vaso de agua.
Marisol was taking care of her garden while her grandchildren were playing.
Marisol cuidaba su jardín mientras sus nietos jugaban.
Eduardo was dancing and his girlfriend was singing.
Eduardo bailaba y su novia cantaba.
She was looking for her keys when the telephone rang.
Ella buscaba sus llaves cuando el teléfono sonó.
She was going to answer, but she heard a sound at the door.
Ella iba a contestar pero escuchó un sonido en la puerta.
I was speaking when my professor interrupted me.
Yo hablaba cuando mi profesor me interrumpió
to interrupt
interrumpir
The house was white.
La casa era blanca.
The meal was good.
La comida estaba buena.
Our neighbor was old, but he had black hair.
Nuestro vecino era viejo, pero tenía el pelo negro.
The man was from Peru.
El hombre era de Perú.
His friends were from Chile.
Sus amigos eran de Chile.
The red flowers were from Bolivia.
Las flores rojas eran de Bolivia.
It was five o’clock and Fred was going to the store for the last time.
Eran las cinco y Federico iba a la tienda por última vez.
What time was it? It was two in the afternoon.
¿Qué hora era? Eran las dos de la tarde.
It was nine at night and the children were sleeping.
Eran las nueve de la noche y los niños dormían.
She was 20 years old when she graduated from the university.
Ella tenía veinte años cuando se graduó de la universidad.
My grandfather was 95 years old when he died.
Mi abuelo tenía noventa y cinco años cuando se murió.
The president was 55 years old when we elected him.
El presidente tenía cincuenta y cinco años cuando lo elegimos.
to graduate
graduarse
Every night, Teodoro calls Elena.
Todas las noches, Teodoro llamaba a Elena.
As a little girl, Loreta ate pasta each night.
De niña, Loreta comía pasta cada noche.
She was tall and pretty like her mom.
Ella era alta y bonita como su madre.
Why did the kids go to school on Saturdays?
¿Por qué iban los niños a la escuela los sábados?
The woman and her husband were from Spain.
La mujer y su esposo eran de España.
We saw each other every day.
Nosotros nos veíamos todos los días.
Where were your grandparents from?
¿De dónde eran sus abuelos?
The train arrived every day precisely at 9.
El tren llegaba todos los días precisamente a las nueve.
We always returned home at 6 in the afternoon.
Nosotros siempre volvíamos a casa a las seis de la tarde.
There was a party in the house of an acquaintance.
Había una fiesta en la casa de un conocido.
She was practicing the piano when her brother yelled.
Ella practicaba el piano cuando su hermano gritó.
Why were you going to see your house?
¿Por qué ibas a vender tu casa?
I realized that I was going to be successful.
Me di cuenta que yo iba a tener éxito.
The student was 21 years old upon graduating.
La estudiante tenía veintiún años al graduarse.
The children ate chicken and the parents ate fish in the restaurant. (imperfect)
Los niños comían pollo y sus padres comían pescado en el restaurante.
Pedro’s friends visited him in Hawaii each year.
Los amigos de Pedro lo visitaban en Hawai cada año.
In the past, they drank wine every weekend; now they drink a lot of water.
En el pasado, ellos bebían vino todos los fines de semana; ahora beben mucha agua.
The people were very brave.
La gente era muy valiente.
The adolescent had long hair; I had short hair.
El adolescente tenía el pelo largo; yo tenía el pelo corto.
It was 12 and the sun shone.
Eran las doce y el sol brillaba.
He was reading his book when his friend called him.
Él leía su libro cuando su amigo lo llamó.
Ana was doing her homework when the phone rang.
Ana hacía su tarea cuando sonó el teléfono.
We were tired of working.
Nosotros estábamos cansadas de trabajar.
The movie was funny; the whole world laughed.
La película era cómica; todo el mundo se reía.
What did he tell me when het distracted me?
¿Qué me decía cuando él me distrajo?
What did you all do when it started to snow?
¿Qué hacían Uds. cuando empezó a nevar?
My friend told me that he was coming to see me.
Mi amigo me dijo que venía a verme.
It was good weather. There was wind and son. The birds were in the trees and the whole world was happy.
Hacía buen tiempo. Hacía viento y sol. Los pájaros estaban en los árboles y todo el mundo estaba feliz.
Before, I cooked a lot. Now I prefer to eat in a restaurant.
Antes, yo cocinaba mucho. Ahora prefiere comer en restaurante.
There were from Spain. (imperfect)
Ellos eran de España.
What time was it?
¿Qué hora era?
We were fine. (imperfect)
Nosotros estábamos bien.
My garden was the most beautiful of the city.
Mi jardín era el más hermoso de la ciudad.
The three friends were here.
Los tres amigos estaban aquí.
I wasn’t tired.
No estaba cansada.
We were singers.
Éramos cantantes.
Where were you?
¿Dónde estabas?
I was in the house with my dog.
Yo estaba en la casa con mi perro.
She arrived yesterday.
Ella llegó ayer.
She arrived at 5 o’clock every day.
Ella llegaba a las cinco todos los días.
Last week I read a good book.
La semana pasada, leí un buen libro.
Before, I used to read a lot.
Antes, yo leía mucho.
Beatriz came to see me.
Beatriz vino a verme.
He told me that Beatriz was coming to see me.
Él me dijo que Beatriz venía a verme.
I got up at 6 o’clock this morning.
Me levanté a las seis esta mañana.
I got (used to get) up late.
Me levantaba tarde.
I went to the store.
Fui a la tienda.
I was going to the store when I saw José.
Yo iba a la tienda cuando vi a José.
We went to the beach today.
Fuimos a la paya hoy.
We went (used to go) to the beach every summer.
Íbamos a la playa todos los veranos.
What did you tell me two minutes ago?
¿Qué me dijiste hace dos minutos?
What were you saying to me when the dog barked?
¿Qué me decías cuando el perro ladró?
Marta ate early this morning.
Marta comió temprano esta mañana.
Marta always ate early.
Marta siempre comía temprano.
My dad paid the bill yesterday.
Mi papá pagó la cuenta ayer.
My dad always paid the bill.
Mi papá siempre pagaba la cuenta.
Eduardo did his homework.
Eduardo hizo su tarea.
Eduardo did his homework every Monday.
Eduardo hacía su tarea todos los lunes.
What did you(fm) buy yesterday?
¿Qué compró Ud. ayer?
What were you buying when I called you?
¿Qué compraba Ud. cuando le llamé?
We walked to the park today.
Caminamos al parque hoy.
We walked to the park every day.
Caminábamos al parque todos los días.
We received a check this afternoon.
Recibimos un cheque esta tarde.
We received checks every week.
Recibíamos cheques cada semana.
She had an operation last night.
Ella tuvo una operación anoche.
He didn’t have time to see her.
Él no tenía tiempo para verla.
Last night, she slept until 8 o’clock.
Anoche, ella durmió hasta las ocho.
Every day, she slept until late.
Todos los días, ella dormía hasta tarde.
We met Sylvia in Colombia.
Conocimos a Silvia en Colombia.
We didn’t know her for very long.
No la conocíamos por mucho tiempo.
I wanted to go to the circus.
Yo quise ir al circo.
I wanted to go to the circus. (imperfect)
Yo quería ir al circo.
We were able to understand the lesson.
Pudimos entender la lección.
We were able to understand the lesson. (imperfect)
Podíamos entender la lección.
She found out that he had an accident.
Ella supo que él tuvo un accidente.
She knew that he was going to be fine.
Ella sabía que él iba a estar bien.
Why didn’t you want (refused) to go with me?
Por qué no quiso Ud. ir conmigo?
Why didn’t you want to go with me?
¿Por qué no quería Ud. ir conmigo?
I wasn’t able (failed) to do my homework.
No pude hacer mi tarea.
I wasn’t able to do my homework yesterday. (imperfect)
Yo no podía hacer mi tarea ayer.
I didn’t find out today.
No lo supe hoy.
I didn’t know that he was sick.
Yo no sabía que él estaba enfermo.
It was 1 o’clock and raining.
Era la una y llovía.
I knew it.
Yo lo sabía.
He was able to do it well.
Él lo podía hacer bien.
The children wanted to eat hamburgers.
Los niños querían comer hamburguesas.
We were studying when the teacher entered.
Estudiábamos cuando el maestro entró.
The man was fleeing when the police caught him.
El hombre huía cuando la policía lo cogió.
Every night for many years, she had the same dream.
Todas las noches por muchos años, ella tenía el mismo sueño.
What were you saying to me?
¿Qué me decías?
What was I going to say to you?
¿Qué iba a decirte?
Why did he call her.
¿Por qué la llamó él?
What time was it when you feel asleep last night?
¿Qué hora era cuando te dormiste anoche?
Who got sick yesterday?
¿Quién se enfermó ayer?
We were going to travel to Cuba, but we had no money.
Íbamos a viajar a Cuba, pero no teníamos dinero.
I met your friend in Mexico.
Conocí a tu amigo en México.
He left without saying anything to us.
Se fue sin decirnos nada.
Who gave him the good news today?
¿Quien le dio la buenas noticias hoy?
The man was in the bank when the thief entered. Everyone was scared.
El hombre estaba en el banco cuando el ladrón entró. Todo el mundo tenía miedo.
Last year, we went to Spain. We had a good time.
El año pasado, fuimos a España. Nos divertimos.
Why did you(fm) go to the museum yesterday?
¿Por qué fue Ud. al museo ayer?
In July, Graciela went to California to see her grandchildren.
En julio, Graciela fue a California a ver sus nietos.
I was going to call her, but I didn’t have her telephone number.
Yo iba a llamarla, pero no tenía su número de teléfono.
We went to the circus every summer in the past.
Nosotros íbamos al circo todos lo vernos en el pasado.
We went to the cinema last night; we liked the movie.
Nosotros fuimos al cine anoche; nos gustó la película.
My friends were going to sell their cars before winning the lottery.
Mis amigos iban a vender su carros antes de ganarse la lotería.
Carmen went to the bank on Fridays and went to the beach on Saturdays.
Carmen iba al banco los viernes e iba a la playa los sábados.
Did you go to the countryside on the weekends?
¿Ibas tú al campo los fines de semana?
Isabel went to Italy and didn’t return.
Isabel fue a Italia y no regresó.
Marisol and her husband went to Portugal.
Marisol y su esposo fueron a Portugal.
The son’s mom told him that everything was going to be okay.
La madre del hijo le dijo que todo iba a estar bien.
Did your feet hurt you during your trip?
¿Te dolían los pies durante tu viaje?
There was a time when I visited museums.
Hubo un tiempo cuando yo visitaba museos.
I came, I saw, I conquered.
Vine, vi y vencí.
Between the first and second floor, I realized that I was going to fall.
Entre el primero y segundo piso, me di cuenta de que iba a caerme.
We enjoyed ourselves a lot each day a long time ago.
Nos divertíamos mucho cada día hace mucho tiempo.
I didn’t know what to do.
Yo no sabía qué hacer.
They had a good relationship. He always cooked and she always washed the dishes.
Tenían una buena relación. Él siempre cocinaba y ella siempre lavaba los platos.
to conquer, to overcome
vencer
Why didn’t you buy the food yesterday?
¿Por qué no compraste tú la comida ayer?
Last night, I brought wine to the party.
Anoche, yo traje el vino a la fiesta.
It was midday and the little boy was hungry.
Era mediodía y el niño tenía hambre.
It started to rain and I closed the window.
Empezó a llover y yo cerré la ventana.
The girl was crossing the street when her mom called her.
La muchacha cruzaba la calle cuando su mamá la llamó.
Where were you all this morning precisely at 9 o’clock?
¿Dónde estuvieron Uds. esta mañana precisamente a las nueve?
We were walking in the park when we saw the exotic animal.
Nosotros andábamos en el parque cuando vimos el animal exótico.
The taxi charged us $20. How much did he charge you?
El taxista nos cobró veinte dólares. ¿Cuanto te cobró a ti?
We wrote them cards, to our relatives, from Bolivia but they didn’t receive them.
Nosotros les escribimos cartas a nuestros parientes desde Bolivia, pero ellos no las recibieron.
I was walking through the wrong street when I realized that I didn’t know where I was.
Yo caminaba por la calle equivocada cuando me di cuenta de que no sabía donde estaba.
I like your friend. Where did you(fm) meet him?
Me agrada su amigo. ¿Dónde lo conoció Ud.?
Pedro and his friends enjoy themselves every night before going to bed.
Pedro y sus amigos se divertían todas las noches antes de acostarse.
Melisa went to the movies each Sunday during her youth.
Melisa iba al cine cada domingo durante su juventud.
The travelers from England arrived at my house last week and stayed with me until today.
Los viajeros de Inglaterra llegaron a mi casa la semana pasada y se quedaron conmigo hasta hoy.
youth, childhood
el juventud
I need your car tonight. Will you lend it to me?
Necesito tu carro esta noche. ¿Me lo prestas? OR ¿Puedes prestármelo?
He has an interesting magazine. He is going to give it to me.
Él tiene una revista interesante. Él me la va a dar. OR Él va a darmela.
She has two secrets. She didn’t want to tell them to me.
Ella tiene dos secretos. Ella no me los quería decir. OR Ella no quería decírmelos.
The teacher explained the new lessons. He explained them to me.
El maestro explicó las nuevas lecciones. Él me las explicó.
He tried to explain the new lessons. He tried to explain them to me.
Él trató de explicar las nuevas lecciones. Él trató de explicármelas.
I wanted to drink coffee this morning. My colleague brought it to me.
Yo quería tomar un café esta mañana. Mi colega me lo trajo.
The kids have a lot of gifts. Their grandparents want them to give them to me.
Los niños tienen muchos regalos. Sus abuelos quieren que me los den.
She bought me a jacket. After buying it for me, she became happy.
Ella me compró una chaqueta. Después de comprármela, se puso feliz.
My dad didn’t want to give me his car. Instead of giving me it, he sold it to me.
Mi papá no quiso darme su carro. En vez de dármelo, me lo vendió.
I learned the directions well because my relatives gave them to me with a lot of care.
Aprendí bien las direcciones porque mis parientes me las dieron con mucho cuidado.
She wants to give me 3 suitcases for my trip. I prefer that she lends them to me.
Ella quiere darme tres maletas para mi viaje. Prefiero que ella me las preste.
Each morning, the vendors sold me vegetables (used to). Today they didn’t sell me anything.
Cada mañana, los vendedores me vendían vegetales. Hoy no me vendieron nada.
I need two good books. I have to buy them because my friend doesn’t want to lend them to me.
Necesito dos buenos libros. Tengo que comprarlos porque mi amiga no quiere prestármelos.
I’ll give you my coat because it’s cold. I’ll give it to you tonight.
Te doy mi abrigo porque hace frío. Te lo doy esta noche.
Why didn’t you tell me the truth? I told it to you, but you didn’t listen to me.
¿Por qué no me dijiste la verdad? Te la dije, pero no me escuchaste.
Jose had to read two stories last night. He had to read them to you before 9 o’clock.
José tuvo que leer dos cuentos anoche. Él tuvo que leértelos antes de las nueve.
We want to send letters from Madrid. We want to send them to you tonight.
Queremos mandar cartas desde Madrid. Queremos mandártelas esta noche.
She doesn’t give you water; she sells it to you.
Ella no te da agua; ella te la vende.
We should gift you the ring that you want this year. We should gift it to you.
Debemos regalarte el anillo que quieres este año. Debemos regalártelo.
Last night, my older brother brought me an apple. He brought it to me because I was hungry.
Anoche, mi hermano mayor me trajo una manzana. Me la trajo porque yo tenía hambre.
You still have my compact discs. I want you to return them back to me.
Todavía tienes mis discos compactos. Quiero que me los devuelvas.
I like the lobster in this restaurant. I hope that the waiter serves it to me quickly.
Me gusta la langosta en este restaurante. Espero que el camarero me la sirva rápidamente.
I gave you the money because you are a good friend. I gave it to you because I have confidence in you.
Te di el dinero porque eres un buen amigo. Te lo di porque tengo confianza en ti.
I don’t know why she didn’t want to show you her lamps. To me, she showed me yesterday
No sé por qué ella no quiso mostrarte sus lámparas. A mí me las mostró ayer.
At the beginning, we didn’t want to give you a bike, but finally we gave it to you.
Al principio, no queríamos darte una bicicleta, pero por fin te la dimos.
what replaces the indirect object le and les when followed by a direct object pronoun?
se
I bring it to you(fm).
Se lo traigo a Ud.
I bring it to them.
Se lo traigo a ellas.
I give the newspaper to Enrique. I give it to him.
Le doy Enrique el periódico. Se lo doy.
She wants to buy a shirt. We sell it to her.
Ella quiere comprar una camisa. Nosotros se la vendemos.
We send the money to the students. We send it to them.
Les enviamos dinero a los estudiantes. Se lo enviamos.
Ana brings two pastries to her friends. Ana brings them to them.
Ana les trae dos pasteles a sus amigas. Ana se los trae.
I want to write you all three letters. I want to write them to you all.
Yo les quiero escribir a Uds. tres cartas. Yo quiero escribírselas.
He shows the photos to Juan and Ana. He tries to show them to them.
Él les muestra las fotos a Juan y a Ana. Él trata de mostrárselas.
We brought them the flowers. We brought them to them.
Les trajimos las flores. Se las trajimos.
I wanted to buy you a car, but I didn’t have enough money. After all, I couldn’t buy it for you.
Yo quería comprarte el carro, pero no tenía bastante dinero. Al fin y al cabo, no te lo pude comprar.
He didn’t give me the book. I don’t know where it is. Did he give it to you(fm)?
Él no me dio el libro. No sé dónde está. ¿Él se lo dio a Ud.?
I need your pencil? Will you lend it to me?
Necesito tu lápiz ¿Me lo prestas?
Why didn’t you all tell them, the boys, the truth? Why didn’t you all tell them it?
¿Por qué no les dijeron Uds. a los muchachos la verdad? ¿Por qué no se la dijeron?
The men wanted to read today’s newspapers. The vender sold them to them.
Los hombres querían leer los periódicos de hoy. El vendedor se los vendió.
I brought you all a cake. I brought it to you all last night.
Yo les traje una torta a Uds. Yo se la traje anoche.
We try to ask them a lot of questions. We try to ask them to them because we don’t know anything.
Tratamos de hacerles muchas preguntas. Tratamos de hacérselas porque no sabemos nada.
Loreta and Roberto gave me two packages. They gave them to me yesterday.
Loreta y Roberto me mandaron dos paquetes. Me los mandaron ayer.
We gave you the answer already. We gave you it two hours ago.
Te dimos la respuesta ya. Te la dimos hace dos horas.
Why did you lend them money? Did you lend it to them because they needed help?
¿Por qué les prestaste dinero? ¿Se lo prestaste porque necesitan ayuda?
We are going to teach them the lesson. We are going to teach it to them.
Vamos a enseñarle la lección. Se la vamos a enseñar.
Are you all cold? Do you all need another jacket? I can bring it to you all.
¿Tienen Uds. frío? Necesitan otra chaqueta? Se la puedo traer.
She doesn’t know what to tell you. Why don’t you tell her the story? It’s better to tell it to her.
Ella no sabe que decirte. ¿Por qué no le cuentas el cuento? Es mejor contárselo.
No one wanted to tell him the results of the election. No one wanted to tell them to him.
Nadie quería decirle los resultados de las elecciones. Nadie se los quería decir.
He is going to return the sweater to us. He is going to return it to us.
Él va a devolvernos el suéter. Él va a devolvérnoslo.
The woman brought us a flower. She brought it to us.
La mujer nos trajo una flor. Ella nos la trajo.
Our fiends give us gifts every year. Our friends give them to us.
Nuestros amigos nos dan regalos cada año. Nuestros amigos nos los dan.
You all used to bring us cakes on Sundays. Now you never bring them to us.
Uds. nos traía tortas los domingos. Ahora Ud. nunca nos las trae.
I told you everything. You said nothing to me.
Yo te dije todo. Tú me dijiste nada.
We were going to give two notebooks to the students.
Íbamos a darles dos cuadernos a los estudiantes.
Lisa doesn’t have anything to write with. I have two pens and decide to give them to her.
Lisa no tiene nada con que escribir. Tengo dos plumas y decido a dárselas.
I gave a violin to my nephew. I gave it to him.
Le di a mi sobrino un violín. Se lo di.
He was going to give the guitar to Hector. He decided to give it to me.
Él le iba a dar la guitarra a Héctor. Decidió darmela.
Who can show us the new coats? Who wants to show them to us?
Quién nos puede mostrar los abrigos nuevos? Quién nos los quiere mostrar?
The birds were singing and the children were playing.
Los pájaros cantaban y los niños jugaban.
Carmen read a good book two weeks ago. She gave it to me yesterday.
Carmen leyó un buen libro hace dos semanas. Ella me lo dio ayer.
I returned the book to her today. I returned it to her at 10 o’clock in the morning.
Le devolví el libro hoy. Se lo devolví a las diez de la mañana.
Elena had bad dreams last night. She told them to me this morning.
Elena tuvo malos sueños anoche. Me los contó esta mañana.
We like to share everything.
Nos gusta compartir todo.
Your grandmother wants you to read the article to her.
Tu abuela quiere que tú le leas el artículo.
We hope that he knows how to swim so that he can teach us.
Esperamos que él sepa nadar para que nos pueda enseñar.
Jose lent Miguel the money. He lent it to him yesterday.
José le prestó a Miguel el dinero. Se lo prestó ayer.
Your cousin did you a favor. He did it for you because he is a good friend.
Tu primo te hizo un favor. Él te lo hizo porque es un buen amigo.
After bringing her coffee, I went to my office. She called me later.
Después de traerle café, fui a mi oficina. Ella me llamó más tarde.
She was buying a guitar when her friend offered her a piano.
Ella compraba una guitarra cuando su amiga le ofreció un piano.
We saw the sofa that she had in her house. She gave it to us.
Vimos el sofa que ella tenía en su casa. Nos lo dio.
Reflexive pronoun with direct object pronoun doesn’t occur with many verbs. Most common with the action of putting on or taking off clothes, verbs with body parts, and some idiomatic
ponerse la ropa, quitarse la ropa, lavarse, cepillarse, lesionarse, peinarse, secarse, comerse
to hurt oneself
lesionarse
I put on a coat in the winter. I take it off in the apartment.
Me pongo un abrigo en el invierno. Me lo quito en el apartamento.
Did you wash your face today? Did you wash it today?
¿Te lavaste la cara hoy? ¿Te la lavaste hoy?
We brush our teeth each night. We brush them in the morning too.
Nos cepillamos los dientes cada noche. Nos los cepillamos en la mañana también.
They combed their hair. They combed it.
Ellos se peinaron el pelo. Ellos se lo peinaron.
I ate all of the fish. I ate it.
Me comí todo el pescado. Me lo comí.
He put on his shoes. He put them on.
Él se puso los zapatos. Él se los puso.
She took off her hat. She took it off.
Ella se quitó la gorra. Ella se la quitó.
Why did you(fm) take off your jacket? Why did you(fm) take it off?
¿Por qué se quitó Ud. la chaqueta? ¿Por qué se la quitó Ud.?
the cap
la gorra
I didn’t want to cut my hair. I didn’t want to cut it.
Yo no quería cortarme el pelo. No quería cortármelo.
She couldn’t wash her hands last night. She couldn’t wash them.
Ella no pudo lavarse las manos anoche. Ella no pudo lavárselas.
The child tried to put on his socks. He tried to put them on.
El niño trató de ponerse los calcetines. Él trató de ponérselos.
sentence structure for unplanned occurrence.
se + indirect object pronoun + verb. Indirect object pronoun indicates person responsible for or affected by the action.only occurs in 3rd person **Usually occurs in preterite because it already happened
I broke the glass. (It was not an accident. I broke it on purpose)
Yo rompí el vaso.
The glass broke. (Accident and no one is responsible)
Se rompió el vaso.
I broke the glass by accident. (Glass broke by accident, but I’m responsible)
Se me rompió el vaso.
The cat died. (No one’s fault)
El gato se murió.
The cat died. ( Either because I didn’t take care of it well or in spite of that fact and I am affected)
El gato se me murió.
The child fell. (no one is responsible or affected)
El niño se cayó.
The child fell. (We were inattentive or it’s not our fault, but we’re affected)
El niño se nos cayó.
to run out of (reflexive)
acabarse
to go away, to leave quickly (reflexive)
irse
to get the idea of, to occur to (reflexive)
ocurrirse
to forget (reflexive)
olvidarse
to lose (reflexive)
perderse
You couldn’t make the sandwiches; you ran out of bread (the bread ran out on you)
No pudiste hacer los sándwiches; se te acabó el pan.
It didn’t occur to me to work yesterday.
No se me ocurrió trabajar ayer.
He forgot the date of your birthday (by accident)
Se le olvidó la fecha de tu cumpleaños.
I lost my glasses. (by accident)
Se me perdieron mis gafas.
I hurt my ankle. I hurt it.
Me lastimé el tobillo. Yo me lo lastimé.
Why don’t you dry your hair? Why don’t you dry it?
¿Por qué no te secas el pelo? Por qué no te lo secas?
We’re going to take off the dress. We’re going to take it off.
Vamos a quitarnos el vestido. Vamos a quitárnoslo.
They brushed their teeth. They brushed them.
Ellos se cepillaron los dientes. Ellos se los cepillaron.
He put on socks. He put them on.
Él se puso las medias. Él se las puso.
I cut my finger. I cut it.
Me corté el dedo. Yo me lo corté.
The children are going to wash their hands. They’re going to wash them.
Los niños se van a lavar las manos. Ellos se las van a lavar.
She combs her pretty hair each day. She brushes it.
Ella se peina el pelo bonito cada día. Ella se lo peina.
To him, he liked the chicken and he ate it up.
A él le gustó el pollo y se le comió.
Miguel couldn’t enter his house because he lost the keys.
Miguel no pudo entrar en su casa porque se le perdieron las llaves.
The spoon fell (from me) on the table and I became furious.
Se me cayó la chuchara en la mesa y me puse furiosa.
They realized that their friends weren’t coming to see them.
Ellos se dieron cuenta de que sus amigos no venían a verlos.
How did it occur to you to write a book together?
¿Cómo se les ocurrió escribir un libro juntos?
I forgot to do my homework. My patience ran out.
Se me olvidó hacer mi tarea. Se me acabó la paciencia.
Watch out! The glasses are going to fall. We already broke two.
¡Cuidado! Se les van a caer los vasos. Ya se nos rompieron dos.
After putting on the socks, they put on their shoes and left.
Después de ponerse las medias, ellos se pusieron los zapatos y se fueron.
to fit
caber
to place
colocar
to fish
pescar
to produce
producir
the trail
el juicio
second scene
segunda escena
When I spoke with him, I realized that he was not wise.
Cuando yo hablé con él, me di cuenta de que él no era sabio.
When I left, I thought “I’m wiser that this man”; none of us know anything that’s worth the trouble to know, but he thinks that he has knowledge when he doesn’t have it, and I, without knowing anything, don’t think that I’m wise.
Cuando me fui, pensaba, “Yo soy más sabio que este hombre; ninguno de nosotros no sabe nada que valga la pena saber, pero él piensa que él tiene sabiduría cuando él no la tiene, y yo, sin saber nada, no pienso que yo sea sagaz.
I don’t think that I know what I don’t know.
No pienso que sé lo que no sé.
After, I went to see the poets, thinking that they were going to be wiser than me.
Después, fui a ver a los poetas, pensando que ellos iban a ser más sagaces que yo.
But I found out that it’s not from the knowledge that the poets create their poems but by a divine inspiration.
Pero averigüé que no es por la sabiduría que los poetas crean sus poemas sino por una inspiración divina.
Finally, I went to see the artisans.
Por fin, fui a ver a los artesanos.
They knew what I didn’t know and because of that they were wiser than me.
Ellos sabían lo que yo no sabía y por eso eran más sabios que yo.
But it seemed to me that each one believed themselves extremely wise in important questions because they were skilled in their own art.
Pero me pareció que cada uno se creía extremadamente sagaz en cuestiones importantes porque eran hábiles en su propio arte.
A lot of prejudice against me resulted from my investigation.
Mucho prejuicio contra mi resultó de mi investigación.
And I continue with my homework of instigating and examining each person that I think is wise and if they are not wise, I tell it to them.
Y yo sigo con mi tarea de investigar y examinar a cada persona que pienso que es sagaz y si él no es sagaz yo se lo digo.
I’m so busy in my investigation that I haven’t had time not to serve in positions of state nor to earn money.
Estoy tan ocupado en mi investigación que no he tenido tiempo ni para servir en posiciones del estado ni de ganar dinero.
As a result , I’m poor.
Como resultado, yo soy pobre.
It’s true what I told you all.
Es verdad lo que les dije.
And I know that because of this investigation of the people there is a lot of anger against me.
Y yo sé que por esta investigación de la gente hay mucha rabia contra mí.
But what you all are hearing is my defense against these first accusations.
Pero lo que Uds. escuchan es mi defensa contra estas primeras acusaciones.
to check out, to verify, to find out
averiguar
to realize
darse cuenta (de)
I have had (present perfect tense)
he tenido
to value, to cost
valer
to create
crear
the artisans
los artesanos
extremely
extremadamente
as a result
como resultado
the art
el arte
the Spanish art
el arte español
the fine arts
las bellas artes
skillful, capabale
hábil
one’s own
propio
