Chapter 13 Flashcards
When to use present subjunctive?
wishes, doubts, and what is possible vs what is certain - can not exist alone
how to form verb in present subjunctive?
yo form of present indicative minus -o
I sing (present subjunctive)
yo cante
you sing (present subjunctive)
tú cantes
he sings (present subjunctive)
él cante
we sing (present subjunctive)
nosotros cantemos
they sing (present subjunctive)
ellos canten
I dance (present subjunctive)
yo baile
you dance (present subjunctive)
tú bailes
she dances (present subjunctive)
ella baile
we dance (present subjunctive)
nosotros bailemos
they dance (present subjunctive)
ellas bailen
I close (present subjunctive)
yo cierre
you close (present subjunctive)
tú cierres
you(fm) close (present subjunctive)
Ud. cierre
we close (present subjunctive)
nosotros cerremos
you (fm pl) close (present subjunctive)
Uds. cierren
I think (present subjunctive)
yo piense
you think (present subjunctive)
tú pienses
she thinks (present subjunctive)
ella piense
we think (present subjunctive)
nosotros pensemos
they(f) think (present subjunctive)
ellas piensen
I remember (present subjunctive)
yo recuerde
you remember (present subjunctive)
tú recuerdes
he remembers (present subjunctive)
él recuerde
we remember (present subjunctive)
nosotros recordemos
they remember (present subjunctive)
ellos recuerden
I eat (present subjunctive)
yo coma
you eat (present subjunctive)
tú comas
he eats (present subjunctive)
él coma
we eat (present subjunctive)
nosotros comamos
they eat (present subjunctive)
ellos coman
I want (present subjunctive)
yo quiera
you want (present subjunctive)
tú quieras
she wants (present subjunctive)
ella quiera
we want (present subjunctive)
nosotros queramos
they(f) want (present subjunctive)
ellas quieran
I can (present subjunctive)
yo pueda
you can (present subjunctive)
tú puedas
you (fm) can (present subjunctive)
Ud. pueda
we can (present subjunctive)
nosotros podamos
you (fm pl) can (present subjunctive)
Uds. puedan
I see (present subjunctive)
yo vea
you see (present subjunctive)
tú veas
he sees (present subjunctive)
él vea
we see (present subjunctive)
nosotros veamos
they see (present subjunctive)
ellos vean
I live (present subjunctive)
yo viva
you live (present subjunctive)
tú vivas
he lives (present subjunctive)
él viva
we live (present subjunctive)
nosotros vivamos
they live (present subjunctive)
ellos vivan
I lie (present subjunctive)
yo mienta
you lie (present subjunctive)
tú mientas
she lies (present subjunctive)
ella mienta
we lie (present subjunctive)
nosotros mintamos
they(f) lie (present subjunctive)
ellas mientan
I request (present subjunctive)
yo pida
you request (present subjunctive)
tú pidas
you(fm) request (present subjunctive)
Ud. pida
we request (present subjunctive)
nosotros pidamos
you(fm pl) request (present subjunctive)
Uds. pidan
I sleep (present subjunctive)
yo duerma
you sleep (present subjunctive)
tú duermas
he sleeps (present subjunctive)
él duerma
we sleep (present subjunctive)
nosotros durmamos
they sleep (present subjunctive)
ellos duerman
I know of/ familiar with
yo conozca
you know of/ familiar with (present subjunctive)
tú conozcas
he knows of/ familiar with (present subjunctive)
él conozca
we know of/ familiar with (present subjunctive)
nosotros conozcamos
they know of/familiar with (present subjunctive)
ellos conozcan
I tell, say (present subjunctive)
yo diga
you tell, say (present subjunctive)
tú digas
she tells, says (present subjunctive)
ella diga
we tell, says (present subjunctive)
nosotros digamos
they(f) tell, say (present subjunctive)
ellas digan
I do (present subjunctive)
yo haga
you do (present subjunctive)
tú hagas
you (fm) do (present subjunctive)
Ud. haga
we do (present subjunctive)
nosotros hagamos
you(fm pl) do (present subjunctive)
Uds. hagan
I put (present subjunctive)
yo ponga
you put (present subjunctive)
tú pongas
he puts (present subjunctive)
él ponga
we put (present subjunctive)
nosotros pongamos
they put (present subjunctive)
ellos pongan
I leave (present subjunctive)
yo salga
you leave (present subjunctive)
tú salgas
she leaves (present subjunctive)
ella salga
we leave (present subjunctive)
nosotros salgamos
they(f) leave (present subjunctive)
ellas salgan
I have (present subjunctive)
yo tenga
you have (present subjunctive)
tú tengas
you(fm) have (present subjunctive)
Ud. tenga
we have (present subjunctive)
nosotros tengamos
you(fm pl) have (present subjunctive)
Uds. tengan
I bring (present subjunctive)
yo traiga
you bring (present subjunctive)
tú traigas
he brings (present subjunctive)
él traiga
we bring (present subjunctive)
nosotros traigamos
they bring (present subjunctive)
ellos traigan
I come (present subjunctive)
yo venga
you come (present subjunctive)
tú vengas
she comes (present subjunctive)
ella venga
we come (present subjunctive)
nosotros vengamos
they(f) come (present subjunctive)
ellas vengan
I give (present subjunctive)
yo dé
you give (present subjunctive)
tú des
he gives (present subjunctive)
él dé
we give (present subjunctive)
nosotros demos
they give (present subjunctive)
ellos den
I am (location, health, etc.) (present subjunctive)
yo esté
you are (location, health, etc.) (present subjunctive)
tú estés
she is (location, health, etc.) (present subjunctive)
ella esté
we are (location, health, etc.) (present subjunctive)
nosotros estemos
they(f) are (location, health, etc.) (present subjunctive)
ellas estén
I go (present subjunctive)
yo vaya
you go (present subjunctive)
tú vayas
you(fm) go (present subjunctive)
Ud. vaya
we go (present subjunctive)
nosotros vayamos
you (fm pl) go (present subjunctive)
Uds. vayan
I know (present subjunctive)
yo sepa
you know (present subjunctive)
tú sepas
he knows (present subjunctive)
él sepa
we know (present subjunctive)
nosotros sepamos
they know (present subjunctive)
ellos sepan
I am (description) (present subjunctive)
yo sea
you are (description) (present subjunctive)
tú seas
she is (description) (present subjunctive)
ella sea
we are (description) (present subjunctive)
nosotros seamos
they(f) are (description) (present subjunctive)
ellas sean
to have (not tener)
haber
I have (present subjunctive) (not tener)
yo haya
you have (present subjunctive) (not tener)
tú hayas
you (fm) have (present subjunctive) (not tener)
Ud. haya
we have (present subjunctive) (not tener)
nosotros hayamos
you (fm pl) have (present subjunctive) (not tener)
Uds. hayan
I turn off (present subjunctive)
yo apague
you turn off (present subjunctive)
tú apagues
he turns off (present subjunctive)
él apague
we turn off (present subjunctive)
nosotros apaguemos
they turn off (present subjunctive)
ellos apaguen
I look for (present subjunctive)
yo busque
you look for (present subjunctive)
tú busques
you(fm) look for (present subjunctive)
Ud. busque
we look for (present subjunctive)
nosotros busquemos
you(fm pl) look for (present subjunctive)
Uds. busquen
I commence (present subjunctive)
yo comience
you commence (present subjunctive)
tú comiences
she commences (present subjunctive)
ella comience
we commence (present subjunctive)
nosotros comencemos
they(f) commence (present subjunctive)
ellas comiencen
I start (present subjunctive)
yo empiece
you start (present subjunctive)
tú empieces
he starts (present subjunctive)
él empiece
we start (present subjunctive)
nosotros empecemos
they start (present subjunctive)
ellos empiecen
I explain (present subjunctive)
yo explique
you explain (present subjunctive)
tú expliques
you(fm) explain (present subjunctive)
Ud. explique
we explain (present subjunctive)
nosotros expliquemos
you(fm pl) explain (present subjunctive)
Uds. expliquen
I arrive (present subjunctive)
yo llegue
you arrive (present subjunctive)
tú llegues
she arrives (present subjunctive)
ella llegue
we arrive (present subjunctive)
nosotros lleguemos
they(f) arrive (present subjunctive)
ellas lleguen
I touch (present subjunctive)
yo toque
you touch (present subjunctive)
tú toques
you(fm) touch (present subjunctive)
Ud. toque
we touch (present subjunctive)
nosotros toquemos
you(fm pl) touch (present subjunctive)
Uds. toquen
What is the main clause and the subordinate clause? What mood is this in? “Él sabe que yo cocino bien.”
Él sabe = main que yo cocino bien= dependent mood = indicative
When you begin a sentence with an impersonal expressions, you must use subjunctive.
es dudoso que, es bueno que, es difícil que, es fácil que, es imposible que, es importante que, es malo que, es mejor que. es necesario que, es posible que, es probable que, es preciso que, es una lástima que, es urgente que
It’s doubtful
es dudoso (que)
It is doubtful that I cook well.
Es dudoso que yo cocine bien.
it’s good (that)
es bueno (que)
it’s difficult (that)
es difícil (que)
it’s easy (that)
es fácil (que)
it’s impossible (that)
es imposible (que)
it’s important (that)
es importante (que)
it’s bad (that)
es malo (que)
it’s better
es mejor (que)
it’s necessary (that)
es necesario (que)
it’s possible (that)
es posible (que)
it’s probable (that)
es probable (que)
it’s extremely necessary, imperative (that)
es preciso (que)
it’s a pity (that)
es una lastima (que)
it’s urgent (that)
es urgente (que)
It is important that she eats well.
Es importante que ella coma bien.
It’s necessary that we study for the test.
Es necesario que estudiemos para el examen.
It’s imposible that he is right.
Es imposible que él tenga razón.
Is it possible that she will come tomorrow?
¿Es posible que ella venga mañana?
It’s probable that my friend(f) (will) see me in the restaurant.
Es probable que mi amiga me vea en el restaurante.
It’s a pity that Pedro doesn’t want to do it.
Es una lástima que Pedro no lo quiera hacer.
It’s doubtful that we (will) travel to Spain.
Es dudoso que viajemos a España.
If making a general statement with an impersonal expression no dependent clause or subjunctive is needed.
FYI
It is important to eat well.
Es importante comer bien.