Chapter 13 Flashcards
When to use present subjunctive?
wishes, doubts, and what is possible vs what is certain - can not exist alone
how to form verb in present subjunctive?
yo form of present indicative minus -o
I sing (present subjunctive)
yo cante
you sing (present subjunctive)
tú cantes
he sings (present subjunctive)
él cante
we sing (present subjunctive)
nosotros cantemos
they sing (present subjunctive)
ellos canten
I dance (present subjunctive)
yo baile
you dance (present subjunctive)
tú bailes
she dances (present subjunctive)
ella baile
we dance (present subjunctive)
nosotros bailemos
they dance (present subjunctive)
ellas bailen
I close (present subjunctive)
yo cierre
you close (present subjunctive)
tú cierres
you(fm) close (present subjunctive)
Ud. cierre
we close (present subjunctive)
nosotros cerremos
you (fm pl) close (present subjunctive)
Uds. cierren
I think (present subjunctive)
yo piense
you think (present subjunctive)
tú pienses
she thinks (present subjunctive)
ella piense
we think (present subjunctive)
nosotros pensemos
they(f) think (present subjunctive)
ellas piensen
I remember (present subjunctive)
yo recuerde
you remember (present subjunctive)
tú recuerdes
he remembers (present subjunctive)
él recuerde
we remember (present subjunctive)
nosotros recordemos
they remember (present subjunctive)
ellos recuerden
I eat (present subjunctive)
yo coma
you eat (present subjunctive)
tú comas
he eats (present subjunctive)
él coma
we eat (present subjunctive)
nosotros comamos
they eat (present subjunctive)
ellos coman
I want (present subjunctive)
yo quiera
you want (present subjunctive)
tú quieras
she wants (present subjunctive)
ella quiera
we want (present subjunctive)
nosotros queramos
they(f) want (present subjunctive)
ellas quieran
I can (present subjunctive)
yo pueda
you can (present subjunctive)
tú puedas
you (fm) can (present subjunctive)
Ud. pueda
we can (present subjunctive)
nosotros podamos
you (fm pl) can (present subjunctive)
Uds. puedan
I see (present subjunctive)
yo vea
you see (present subjunctive)
tú veas
he sees (present subjunctive)
él vea
we see (present subjunctive)
nosotros veamos
they see (present subjunctive)
ellos vean
I live (present subjunctive)
yo viva
you live (present subjunctive)
tú vivas
he lives (present subjunctive)
él viva
we live (present subjunctive)
nosotros vivamos
they live (present subjunctive)
ellos vivan
I lie (present subjunctive)
yo mienta
you lie (present subjunctive)
tú mientas
she lies (present subjunctive)
ella mienta
we lie (present subjunctive)
nosotros mintamos
they(f) lie (present subjunctive)
ellas mientan
I request (present subjunctive)
yo pida
you request (present subjunctive)
tú pidas
you(fm) request (present subjunctive)
Ud. pida
we request (present subjunctive)
nosotros pidamos
you(fm pl) request (present subjunctive)
Uds. pidan
I sleep (present subjunctive)
yo duerma
you sleep (present subjunctive)
tú duermas
he sleeps (present subjunctive)
él duerma
we sleep (present subjunctive)
nosotros durmamos
they sleep (present subjunctive)
ellos duerman
I know of/ familiar with (present subjunctive)
yo conozca
you know of/ familiar with (present subjunctive)
tú conozcas
he knows of/ familiar with (present subjunctive)
él conozca
we know of/ familiar with (present subjunctive)
nosotros conozcamos
they know of/familiar with (present subjunctive)
ellos conozcan
I tell, say (present subjunctive)
yo diga
you tell, say (present subjunctive)
tú digas
she tells, says (present subjunctive)
ella diga
we tell, says (present subjunctive)
nosotros digamos
they(f) tell, say (present subjunctive)
ellas digan
I do (present subjunctive)
yo haga
you do (present subjunctive)
tú hagas
you (fm) do (present subjunctive)
Ud. haga
we do (present subjunctive)
nosotros hagamos
you(fm pl) do (present subjunctive)
Uds. hagan
I put (present subjunctive)
yo ponga
you put (present subjunctive)
tú pongas
he puts (present subjunctive)
él ponga
we put (present subjunctive)
nosotros pongamos
they put (present subjunctive)
ellos pongan
I leave (present subjunctive)
yo salga
you leave (present subjunctive)
tú salgas
she leaves (present subjunctive)
ella salga
we leave (present subjunctive)
nosotros salgamos
they(f) leave (present subjunctive)
ellas salgan
I have (present subjunctive)
yo tenga
you have (present subjunctive)
tú tengas
you(fm) have (present subjunctive)
Ud. tenga
we have (present subjunctive)
nosotros tengamos
you(fm pl) have (present subjunctive)
Uds. tengan
I bring (present subjunctive)
yo traiga
you bring (present subjunctive)
tú traigas
he brings (present subjunctive)
él traiga
we bring (present subjunctive)
nosotros traigamos
they bring (present subjunctive)
ellos traigan
I come (present subjunctive)
yo venga
you come (present subjunctive)
tú vengas
she comes (present subjunctive)
ella venga
we come (present subjunctive)
nosotros vengamos
they(f) come (present subjunctive)
ellas vengan
I give (present subjunctive)
yo dé
you give (present subjunctive)
tú des
he gives (present subjunctive)
él dé
we give (present subjunctive)
nosotros demos
they give (present subjunctive)
ellos den
I am (location, health, etc.) (present subjunctive)
yo esté
you are (location, health, etc.) (present subjunctive)
tú estés
she is (location, health, etc.) (present subjunctive)
ella esté
we are (location, health, etc.) (present subjunctive)
nosotros estemos
they(f) are (location, health, etc.) (present subjunctive)
ellas estén
I go (present subjunctive)
yo vaya
you go (present subjunctive)
tú vayas
you(fm) go (present subjunctive)
Ud. vaya
we go (present subjunctive)
nosotros vayamos
you (fm pl) go (present subjunctive)
Uds. vayan
I know (present subjunctive)
yo sepa
you know (present subjunctive)
tú sepas
he knows (present subjunctive)
él sepa
we know (present subjunctive)
nosotros sepamos
they know (present subjunctive)
ellos sepan
I am (description) (present subjunctive)
yo sea
you are (description) (present subjunctive)
tú seas
she is (description) (present subjunctive)
ella sea
we are (description) (present subjunctive)
nosotros seamos
they(f) are (description) (present subjunctive)
ellas sean
to have (not tener)
haber
I have (present subjunctive) (not tener)
yo haya
you have (present subjunctive) (not tener)
tú hayas
you (fm) have (present subjunctive) (not tener)
Ud. haya
we have (present subjunctive) (not tener)
nosotros hayamos
you (fm pl) have (present subjunctive) (not tener)
Uds. hayan
I turn off (present subjunctive)
yo apague
you turn off (present subjunctive)
tú apagues
he turns off (present subjunctive)
él apague
we turn off (present subjunctive)
nosotros apaguemos
they turn off (present subjunctive)
ellos apaguen
I look for (present subjunctive)
yo busque
you look for (present subjunctive)
tú busques
you(fm) look for (present subjunctive)
Ud. busque
we look for (present subjunctive)
nosotros busquemos
you(fm pl) look for (present subjunctive)
Uds. busquen
I commence (present subjunctive)
yo comience
you commence (present subjunctive)
tú comiences
she commences (present subjunctive)
ella comience
we commence (present subjunctive)
nosotros comencemos
they(f) commence (present subjunctive)
ellas comiencen
I start (present subjunctive)
yo empiece
you start (present subjunctive)
tú empieces
he starts (present subjunctive)
él empiece
we start (present subjunctive)
nosotros empecemos
they start (present subjunctive)
ellos empiecen
I explain (present subjunctive)
yo explique
you explain (present subjunctive)
tú expliques
you(fm) explain (present subjunctive)
Ud. explique
we explain (present subjunctive)
nosotros expliquemos
you(fm pl) explain (present subjunctive)
Uds. expliquen
I arrive (present subjunctive)
yo llegue
you arrive (present subjunctive)
tú llegues
she arrives (present subjunctive)
ella llegue
we arrive (present subjunctive)
nosotros lleguemos
they(f) arrive (present subjunctive)
ellas lleguen
I touch (present subjunctive)
yo toque
you touch (present subjunctive)
tú toques
you(fm) touch (present subjunctive)
Ud. toque
we touch (present subjunctive)
nosotros toquemos
you(fm pl) touch (present subjunctive)
Uds. toquen
What is the main clause and the subordinate clause? What mood is this in? “Él sabe que yo cocino bien.”
Él sabe = main que yo cocino bien= dependent mood = indicative
When you begin a sentence with an impersonal expressions, you must use subjunctive.
es dudoso que, es bueno que, es difícil que, es fácil que, es imposible que, es importante que, es malo que, es mejor que. es necesario que, es posible que, es probable que, es preciso que, es una lástima que, es urgente que
It’s doubtful
es dudoso (que)
It is doubtful that I cook well.
Es dudoso que yo cocine bien.
it’s good (that)
es bueno (que)
it’s difficult (that)
es difícil (que)
it’s easy (that)
es fácil (que)
it’s impossible (that)
es imposible (que)
it’s important (that)
es importante (que)
it’s bad (that)
es malo (que)
it’s better
es mejor (que)
it’s necessary (that)
es necesario (que)
it’s possible (that)
es posible (que)
it’s probable (that)
es probable (que)
it’s extremely necessary, imperative (that)
es preciso (que)
it’s a pity (that)
es una lastima (que)
it’s urgent (that)
es urgente (que)
It is important that she eats well.
Es importante que ella coma bien.
It’s necessary that we study for the test.
Es necesario que estudiemos para el examen.
It’s imposible that he is right.
Es imposible que él tenga razón.
Is it possible that she will come tomorrow?
¿Es posible que ella venga mañana?
It’s probable that my friend(f) (will) see me in the restaurant.
Es probable que mi amiga me vea en el restaurante.
It’s a pity that Pedro doesn’t want to do it.
Es una lástima que Pedro no lo quiera hacer.
It’s doubtful that we (will) travel to Spain.
Es dudoso que viajemos a España.
If making a general statement with an impersonal expression no dependent clause or subjunctive is needed.
FYI
It is important to eat well.
Es importante comer bien.
Is it necessary to work a lot?
¿Es necesario trabajar mucho?
It’s possible to leave early.
Es posible salir temprano.
It is good to swim each day.
Es bueno nadar cada día.
It is important that our friends come to the party.
Es importante que nuestros amigos vengan a la fiesta.
It’s possible that he tells me the truth.
Es posible que él me diga la verdad.
It’s a pity that Sara doesn’t do it.
Es una lástima que Sara no lo haga.
Is it possible that you(fm pl) know my friend Raul?
¿Es posible que Uds. conozcan a mi amigo Raúl?
It’s necessary that we sleep well.
Es necesario que nosotros durmamos bien.
It’s important that she knows the directions well.
Es importante que ella sepa bien las direcciones.
It’s necessary that we drink a lot of cold water in the summer.
Es necesario que nosotros tomemos mucha agua fría en el verano.
It’s doubtful that they get up early.
Es dudoso que ellos se levanten temprano.
Is it possible that she arrives on time?
¿Es posible que ella llegue a tiempo?
It’s possible that I stay in France.
Es posible que yo me quede en Francia.
It’s probable that a lot of important people will be at the conference.
Es probable que mucha gente importante esté en la conferencia.
It’s difficult for me (that i) to give you a good answer.
Es difícil que yo te dé una buena respuesta.
It’s urgent that you go to the doctor today.
Es urgente que tú vayas al doctor hoy.
It’s doubtful that they are rich.
Es dudoso que ellos sean ricos.
It’s important that parents read to their children.
Es importante que los padres les lean a sus hijos.
The little girl just finished eating. It’s impossible that she’s hungry.
La niña acaba de comer. Es imposible que tenga hambre.
It’s probable that we (will) bring flowers to the professor.
Es probable que nosotros le traigamos flores al profesor.
It’s good that you(fm pl) feel better.
Es bueno que Uds. se sientan mejor.
Verbs that express wishes or preferences with regard to other people in the main clause will cause the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause. The subject in the main clause must be different from the subject in the dependent clause.
FYI
to want
querer
to desire
desear
to prefer
preferir
What is the main clause and the subordinate clause? What mood is this in? “Él sabe que yo canto.”
Él sabe = the main clause que yo canto = dependent mood=indicative
Wish or preference verbs that trigger the subjunctive
querer, desear, preferir if there only one subject for two verbs there is neither a dependent clause nor a subjunctive
He wants me to sing.
Él quiere que yo cante.
I want him to dance.
Quiero que él baile.
We desire her to be well.
Deseamos que ella esté bien.
She prefers that her son play baseball.
Ella prefiere que su hijo juegue al béisbol.
I want to sing.
Yo quiero cantar.
We desire to rest.
Deseamos descansar.
She prefers to sleep.
Ella prefiere dormir.
Verbs that express hope, happiness, sadness, or regret with regard to other people in the main clause will cause the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause.
FYI
What are the verbs that express hope, happiness, sadness that trigger the subjunctive?
alegrarse de, esperar, estar contento de, estar triste de, gustarle a uno, sentir, tener miedo de, temer
to be glad about
alegrarse de
to hope
esperar
to be happy about
estar contento de
to be sad about
estar triste de
to be pleasing (to one)
gustarle a uno
to regret
sentir
to be afraid of
tener miedo de
to fear
temer
I am glad that you(fm pl) are well.
Me alegro de que Uds. estén bien.
We hope that you have a good weekend.
Esperamos que Ud. tenga un buen fin de semana.
The teacher is happy that we do the homework.
La maestra está contenta de que hagamos la tarea.
Are you sad that we can’t accept your invitation?
¿Estás triste de que no podamos aceptar tu invitación?
I like that my family is coming to see me.
Me gusta que mi familia venga a verme.
I am sorry that you(fm) never win the lottery.
Lo siento que Ud. nunca se gane la lotería.
the leader
el líder
The leader is afraid that the group won’t resolve the problem.
El líder tiene miedo de que el grupo no resuelva el problema.
to resolve
resolver
the group
el grupo
The parents fear that their children don’t want to study.
Los padres temen que sus hijos no quieran estudiar.
I am happy to be here.
Me alegro de estar aquí.
He hopes to leave within an hour.
Él espera salir dentro de una hora.
I like to go to the movies.
Me gusta ir al cine.
She is afraid of flying.
Ella tiene miedo de volar.
Verbs that express orders, requests or advice in the main clause will cause the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause.
FYI
What verbs that express orders, requests or advice will trigger the subjunctive?
aconsejar, decir, dejar, insistir en, pedir, permitir, prohibir, mandar, sugerir
to advise
aconsejar
to tell (someone to do something)
decir
to let, to allow
dejar
to insist
insistir en
to request, to ask for
pedir
to permit
permitir
to prohibit
prohibir
to send, to order
mandar
to suggest
sugerir
I advise you to take the train.
Te aconsejo que tomes el tren.
She insists that I stay.
Ella insiste en que yo me quede.
We ask them to go on vacation.
Les pedimos que vayan de vacaciones.
I suggest that you(fm) read this article.
Le sugiero que Ud. lea este artículo.
I let them enter.
Les dejo que entren. OR Les dejo entrar
I permit you to swim here.
Te permito que nades aquí. OR Te permito nadar aquí.
I prohibit you to smoke in the house.
Te prohíbo que fumes en la casa. OR Te prohíbo fumar en la casa.
to smoke
fumar
The captain orders the soldiers to rest. He orders them to rest.
El capitán les manda que los soldados descansen. Les manda descansar.
Jose tells us that the train is coming.
José nos dice que el tren viene.
She tells me that she likes to travel.
Ella me dice que le gusta viajar.
I tell you to go to the doctor.
Yo te digo que vayas al doctor.
You(fm) tell me to stay.
Ud. me dice que yo me quede.
We tell them to go to bed now.
Les decimos que se acuesten ahora.
He tells us to be careful.
Él nos dice que tengamos cuidado.
Can you(fm) tell her to call me?
¿Puede Ud. decirle que me llame?
Verbs that express doubt or uncertainty in the main clause will cause the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause.
FYI
What are the verbs that express uncertainty that trigger the subjunctive?
dudar, no creer, no pensar
to doubt
dudar
not to believe
no creer
not to think
no pensar
She doubts that I know how to play the piano.
Ella duda que yo sepa tocar el piano.
The people don’t believe that it is the truth.
La gente no cree que sea la verdad.
We don’t think that Daniel will invites us to the party.
No pensamos que Daniel nos invite a la fiesta.
What do you want me to tell you?
¿Qué quieres que yo te diga?
He wants his friend to pay the bill.
Él quiere que su amiga pague la cuenta.
I hope that you(fm pl) feel good.
Espero que Uds. se sientan bien.
They are happy that the baby stopped crying.
Ellos se alegran de que el bebé deje de llorar.
They ask us to explain better the idea.
Ellos nos piden que expliquemos mejor la idea.
He doesn’t like that I am always right.
A él no le gusta que yo siempre tenga razón.
Rosa insists that her boss gives her more money.
Rosa insiste en que su jefe le dé más dinero.
I don’t believe that Alicia knows the date.
No creo que Alicia sepa la fecha.
They(f) doubt that there is much traffic.
Ellas dudan que haya mucho tráfico.
I suggest to their parents that they go on vacation.
Les sugiero a sus padres que vayan de vacaciones.
I am happy that it’s nothing grave (serious).
Me alegro de que no sea nada grave
The experts advise us to do exercise.
Los expertos nos aconsejan que hagamos ejercicio.
Paula hopes that her sister is good.
Paula espera que su hermana esté bien.
I doubt that you(fm pl) will see me at the reunion.
Yo dudo que Uds. me vean en la reunión.
serious, grave
grave
the reunion.
la reunión
My parents like to travel.
A mis padres les gusta viajar.
I want them to travel.
Quiero que ellos viajen.
She doesn’t enjoy herself much.
Ella no se divierte mucho.
My friend has bad dreams.
Mi amigo tiene malos sueños.
We are good students.
Nosotros somos buenos estudiantes.
We are not going to return to the United States.
No vamos a volver a los Estados Unidos.
Sara brings me flowers to my house.
Sara me trae flores a mi casa.
Do you(fm) know my uncle?
¿Conoce Ud. a mi tío?
My brother and I, we don’t see each other much.
Mi hermano y yo no nos vemos mucho.
Is there class on Mondays?
¿Hay clase los lunes?
Carla is from Poland.
Carla es de Polonia.
I’m sorry that my friend has bad dreams.
Lo siento que mi amigo tenga malos sueños.
It’s possible that she doesn’t enjoy herself much.
Es posible que ella no se divierta mucho.
He doubts that we are good students.
Él duda que seamos buenos estudiantes.
She fears that we won’t return to the United States.
Ella teme que no volvamos a los Estados Unidos.
I ask (request) Sara to bring me flowers to my house.
Yo le pido que Sara me traiga flores a mi casa.
It’s a pity that we don’t see each other much.
Es una lástima que no nos veamos mucho.
It’s possible that there is no class on Mondays?
¿Es posible que no haya clase los lunes?
I don’t believe that Carla is from Poland.
No creo que Carla sea de Polonia.
I hope that you(fm pl) have a good weekend.
Espero que Uds. tengan un buen fin de semana.
I know that you(fm pl) have a lot of friends.
Yo sé que Uds. tienen muchos amigos.
Ricardo prefers that I visit him in February.
Ricardo prefiere que yo lo visite en febrero.
He wants us to bring him memories.
Él quiere que nosotros le traigamos recuerdos.
We like that he loves us.
Nos gusta que él nos ame.
It’s important that we see each other each year.
Es importante que nos veamos cada año.
Do you(fm) know that they are here?
¿Sabe Ud. que ellos están aquí.
I think that Rosario complains little.
Yo pienso que Rosario se queja poco.
I doubt that she understands.
Dudo que ella entienda.
We’re sorry that you can’t accompany us.
Lo sentimos que tú no puedas acompañarnos.
I hope that she remembers the instructions.
Espero que ella se acuerde de las instrucciones.
You don’t believe that those(far) cakes are delicious?
¿No crees que aquellas tortas estén deliciosas?
memories
recuerdos
Mariana get up early because today her grandchildren want to go to the circus.
Mariana se levanta temprano porque hoy sus nietos quieren ir al circo.
She insists in that they eat breakfast well before leaving.
Ella insiste en que ellos se desayunen bien antes de salir.
They enjoy themselves a lot because the circus rarely comes to their town.
Se divierten mucho porque el circo viene raras veces a su pueblo.
It’s cold and she advises them to put on a jacket for the winter.
Hace frío y ella les aconseja que se pongan la chaqueta para el invierno.
They are happy(content) that their grandmother is so nice.
Ellos están contentos de que su abuela sea tan simpática.
rarely
raras veces
subjunctive follows directly after which conjunctions if the main clause has a different subject than the dependent?
a pesar de que, antes de que, después de que, en case de que, hasta que, para que, sin que
in spite of (triggers subjunctive)
a pesar de que
before (triggers subjunctive)
antes de que
after (triggers subjunctive)
después de que
in case (triggers subjunctive)
en caso de que
until (triggers subjunctive)
hasta que
in order that, so that (triggers subjunctive)
para que
without (triggers subjunctive)
sin que
She practices the piano before she sings.
Ella practica el piano antes de cantar.
She practices the piano before he sings.
Ella practica el piano antes de que él cante.
He teaches so that the students learn.
Él enseña para que los estudiantes aprendan.
I am going to wait until you arrive.
Voy a esperar hasta que tú llegues.
I’m going to do it without you(fm) helping me.
Lo voy a hacer sin que Ud. me ayude.
She studies in order to learn.
Ella estudia para aprender.
After working, she rests.
Después de trabajar, ella descansa.
He speaks without thinking.
Él habla sin pensar.
Some conjunctions of time always cause a subjunctive whether or not there are two subjects. List…
a menos que, luego que, tan pronto como
unless
a menos que
as soon as
luego que, tan pronto como
We are going to dance unless there is no music.
Vamos a bailar a menos que no haya música.
I’m going to arrive as soon as I can.
Voy a llegar tan pronto como yo pueda.
Subjunctive form directly follows cuando if the future is implied.
FYI
We are going to travel when we have time and money.
Vamos a viajar cuando tengamos tiempo y dinero.
Can you call me when you arrive at home?
¿Me puedes llamar cuando llegues a casa?
The boy wants to be a firefighter when he grows up(he’s big).
El niño quiere ser bombero cuando sea grande.
When are you going to be home?
¿Cuándo vas a estar en casa?
When do you(fm pl) want to travel?
¿Cuándo quieren Uds. viajar?
When cuando introduces a question, repeated action or general statement in the present, indicative mood is used.
normal mood
When it’s cold, the children play in the snow.
Cuando hace frío, los niños juegan en la nieve.
She feels happy when she dances.
Ella se siente alegre cuando baila.
When I go to the beach, I always have a good time.
Cuando voy a la playa, siempre me divierto.
He is going to clean his apartment before his family visits him.
Él va a limpiar su apartamento antes de que su familia lo visite.
After (the fact that) I bathe myself, I’m going to get dressed.
Después de que yo me bañe, voy a vestirme.
I’m not going unless you(fm pl) go too.
No voy a menos que Uds. vayan también.
He is going to invited his friend(f) to the party as soon as he has the confidence.
Él va a invitar a su amiga a la fiesta luego que él tenga la confianza.
I give them the instructions so that they know (how to) arrive.
Les doy las instrucciones para que ellos sepan llegar.
You(fm pl) can play basketball as soon as you finish your homework.
Uds. puedan jugar al baloncesto luego que Uds. terminen su tarea.
Before (the fact that) her boyfriend comes to see her, Rosa is going to get ready (fix herself up.)
Antes de que su novio venga a verla, Rosa va a arreglarse.
I lend you the money so that you can buy a used car.
Te presto el dinero para que tú puedas comprar un carro usado.
We are going to be here until they arrive.
Vamos a estar aquí hasta que ellos lleguen.
In case (of the fact that) you (fm pl) don’t have anything to do tomorrow, can we go to the movies?
En caso de que Uds. no tengan nada que hacer mañana, ¿podemos ir al cine?
Ricardo doesn’t like to study. But he is going to study so that his parents are happy.
A Ricardo no le gusta estudiar. Pero va a estudiar para que sus padres estén contentos.
In spite (of the fact that) they are cold, they want to take a walk around.
A pesar de que ellos tengan frío. ellos quieren dar una vuelta.
You can come to my house without (the fact that) me inviting you.
Tú puedes venir a mi casa sin que yo te invite.
Graciela is going to rest after (the fact that) her grandchildren go away.
Graciela va a descansar después de que sus nietos se vayan.
When you(fm) can, can you accompany me to the train?
Cuando Ud. pueda, ¿me puede acompañar al tren?
Elena is going to see me when we meetup (with ourselves) in Mexico.
Elena me va a ver cuando nosotros nos reunamos en México.
When they return to the United States, they are going to buy a small house.
Cuando ellos vuelvan a los Estados Unidos, van a comprar una casa pequeña.
The man is going to be happy when he learns to drive.
El hombre va a estar contento cuando aprenda a manejar.
Subjunctive mood is used in the dependent clause if the object or person described in the main clause is indefinite or nonexistent.
FYI
I’m looking for an apartment that is big and cheap.
Busco un apartamento que sea grande y barato.
Do you(fm) know anyone who knows how to speak German?
¿Conoce Ud. a alguien que sepa hablar alemán?
Is there anyone here who dances well?
¿Hay alguien aquí que baile bien?
There is no one who is always right.
No hay nadie que siempre tenga razón.
Subjunctive used after por más que and por mucho que
FYI
no matter how much, as much as, for as much as
por más que, por mucho que
No matter how much she cleans, her house is always disorganized.
Por más que ella limpie, su casa está siempre desordenada.
For as much as he eats, he does not fatten himself.
Por mucho que él coma, no se engorda.
to fatten oneself
engordarse
disorganized, messy
desordenada
subjunctive after ojalá.
FYI
God willing would to God, may God grant,
ojalá
God willling that she has luck.
Ojalá que ella tenga suerte.
God willing that you(fm pl) receive the check.
Ojalá que Uds. reciban el cheque.
God willing that he stays.
Ojalá que él se quede.
subjunctive after acaso, quizás, tal vez
FYI
maybe, perhaps
- acaso 2. quizás 3. tal vez
Perhaps he will visit me tomorrow.
Acaso él me visite mañana.
Maybe they will tell me the truth.
Quizás ellos me digan la verdad.
Maybe they will tell me lies.
Tal vez me digan mentiras.
subjunctive after aunque if action has not yet occurred
FYI
I’m going to the movies even if my friends don’t go.
Voy al cine aunque no vayan mis amigos.
Even if Pedro stays tonight, I’m going to go out.
Aunque Pedro se quede esta noche, yo voy a salir.
Although it’s may be difficult, he can do it.
Aunque sea difícil, él lo puede hacer.
subjunctive after compounds of -quiera
FYI
whoever
quienquiera
whichever
cualquiera
wherever (to go)
adondequiera
wherever (located)
dondequiera
Whoever is here can leave with us.
Quienquiera que esté aquí, puede salir con nosotros.
Whichever (one) is sincere can be a good friend.
Cualquiera que sea sincero, puede ser un buen amigo.
Where you go, I wish you the best.
Adondequiera que vayas, te deseo lo mejor.
Wherever they are, I am going to look for them.
Dondequiera que estén ellos, los voy a buscar,
subjunctive after como if the meaning is however
FYI
They(f) are going to prepare the meal however you want.
Ellas van a preparar la comida como tú quieras.
Maybe they get sick because of the food.
Tal vez ellos se enfermen por la comida.
God willing that we rest today.
Ojalá que nosotros descansemos hoy.
Although he arrives tomorrow, I don’t want to wash the bathroom.
Aunque él llegue mañana, no quiero lavar el baño.
For as much as they(f) complain, they’re not going to do anything.
Por mucho que ellas se quejen, no van a hacer nada.
Whoever (that) cooks well, can be an expert.
Quienquiera que cocine bien, puede ser experto.
God willing that you sleep well tonight.
Ojalá que tú duermas bien esta noche.
Although there is a lot of traffic, we want to travel.
Aunque haya mucho tráfico, queremos viajar.
My friend(f) looks for an apartment that has 3 rooms.
Mi amiga busca un apartamento que tenga tres cuartos.
Carlos needs a house that is in the countryside.
Carlos necesita una casa que esté en el campo.
The man wants to do the project how you(fm) would like it.
El hombre quiere hacer el proyecto como Ud. lo quiera.
I don’t know anyone that will accompany me to the beach.
No conozco a nadie que me acompañe a la playa.
She looks for a boyfriend that is intelligent.
Ella busca un novio que sea inteligente.
Perhaps he will come in the coming week.
Quizás él venga la semana que viene.
For as much as Tomas speaks, he doesn’t know anything.
Por más que Tomás hable, no sabe nada.
the project
el proyecto
It’s important that I go to bed early.
Es importante que yo me acueste temprano.
We hope that she gets better.
Esperamos que ella se mejore.
I know that the lessons are difficult.
Yo sé que las lecciones son difíciles.
Do you(fm) want Leopoldo to study history?
¿Quiere Ud. que Leopoldo estudie la historia?
I don’t think that Loreta plays violin well.
No pienso que Loreta toque bien el violín.
We know that to her, she doesn’t like to practice.
Sabemos que a ella no le gusta practicar.
We’re sorry that you(fm pl) are not going to the conference tomorrow.
Lo sentimos que Uds. no vayan a la conferencia mañana.
It’s possible that there are a lot of interesting people.
Es possible que haya mucha gente interesante.
I hope that they are at their house when I arrive.
Espero que ellos estén en su casa cuando yo llegue.
When Linda goes on vacation, she relaxes herself always.
Cuando Linda va de vacaciones, ella se relaja siempre.
Maria wants Pedro to meet (know) her parents.
María quiere que Pedro conozca a sus padres.
For as much as I swim, I don’t lose weight.
Por mucho que yo nade, no pierdo peso.
God willing you(fm pl) return soon.
Ojalá que Uds. vuelvan pronto.
She wants you to visit her the first of May.
Ella quiere que tú la visites el primero de mayo.
Do you(fm) know someone who can do all that you want to do?
¿Conoce Ud. a alguien que pueda hacer todo lo que quiere hacer?
The mother wants that the kids to set the table
La madre quiere que los niños pongan la mesa.
She insists that they do the homework before playing.
Ella insiste en que ellos hagan la tarea antes de jugar.
They are glad that you(fm pl) are feeling better. They hope that you(fm pl) are well and happy.
Se alegran de que Uds. se sientan mejor. Esperan que Uds. estén bien y contentos.
Why do you doubt that Rosa and Reinaldo are getting married in November?
¿Por qué dudas que Rosa y Reinaldo se casen en noviembre?
I advise you to go to the dentist three times per year.
Te aconsejo que vayas al dentista tres veces por año.
We think that you should wake yourself up earlier in order to arrive on time.
Pensamos que tú debes despertarte más temprano para llegar a tiempo.
Carmen thinks that her friend needs a good car.
Carmen piensa que su amigo necesita un buen carro.
weight
peso
set the table
poner la mesa
to marry each other
casarse
Jose and Susana are in love and want to get married.
José y Susana están enamorados y quieren casarse.
It’s difficult (that) for me to give you the correct answer.
Es difícil que yo te dé la respuesta correcta.
Is it important to be honest in this world?
¿Es importante ser honesto en este mundo?
After sleeping eight hours, I feel good.
Después de dormir ocho horas, me siento bien.
I speak slowly so that my students understand me.
Hablo despacio para que mis estudiantes me entiendan.
Francisco likes to read a lot.
A Francisco le gusta leer mucho.
Julias friends like that she laughs a lot.
A los amigos de Julia les gusta que ella se ríe mucho.
I request that you to do your work.
Te pido que hagas tu oficio.
I know that the restaurant that we like is far from your office, do you want me to choose another on?
Yo sé que el restaurante que nos gusta está lejos de tu oficina. ¿Quieres que yo escoja otro?
Is it possible that we can dinner(eat dinner) together?
¿Es posible que nosotros podamos cenar juntos?
It’s important that you(fm pl) leave the building rapidly and tranquilly.
Es importante que Uds. salgan del edificio rápida y tranquilamente.
Is it important to eat well in order to live well?
¿Es importante comer bien para vivir bien?
Carla has the bag that I like.
Carla tiene la bolsa que me gusta.
She tells me that the gloves are of leather.
Ella me dice que los guantes son de cuero.
Do they want us to look for articles about the pollution of the big cities?
¿Quieren ellos que nosotros busquemos los artículos sobre la contaminación de las ciudades grandes?
Do you(fm) know why Irene doesn’t put on a jacket ever when it’s cold?
¿Sabe Ud. por qué Irene no se pone nunca la chaqueta cuando hace frío?
I am happy to be here. I am happy that you(fm pl) are here too.
Me alegro de estar aquí. Me alegro de que Uds. estén aquí también.
Is it necessary to travel in order to learn another language?
¿Es necesario viajar para aprender otro idioma?
I’ll show you(fm pl) the photos as soon as you get here.
Les muestro a Uds. las fotos luego que lleguen.
He is happy (about the fact) that his wife is a lawyer.
Él se alegra de que su esposa sea abogada.
She prefers to sleep until 9, but her boss prefers that she wakes up earlier.
Ella prefiere dormir hasta las nueve, pero su jefe prefiere que ella se despierte más temprano.
It’s imperative that you(fm pl) don’t tell him that his sister is in the city. It’s a surprise and she wants to arrive without him knowing.
Es preciso que Uds. no le digan que su hermana está en la ciudad. Es una sorpresa y ella quiere llegar sin que él lo sepa.
We like to share everything.
Nos gusta compartir todo.
The parents prohibit Guillermo from eating chocolates.
Los padres le prohíben a Guillermo que coma chocolates.
I want you(fm pl) to have success in everything that you do.
Quiero que Uds. tengan éxito en todo que hagan.
God willing that you stay.
Ojalá que tú te quedes.
I’ll wait for you until you return.
Te espero hasta que tú regreses.
