Chapter 12 Flashcards
what is a reflexive verb?
A verb is reflexive when the subject and the object refer to the same person. ie I wash myself. A reflexive verb always has a reflexive pronoun
what is an indirect object pronoun?
it receive the verb indirectly. It answers the question about to whom or for whom an action is done.
myself
me
yourself
te
himself, herself, yourself(fm)
se
ourselves
nos
themselves, yourselves
se
to wash oneself
lavarse
I wash myself
yo me lavo
you wash yourself
tú te lavas
he washes himself
él se lava
she washes herself
ella se lava
you(fm) wash yourself
Ud. se lava
we wash ourselves
nosotros nos lavamos
they wash themselves
ellos se lavan
they(f) wash themselves
ellas se lavan
you(fm pl) wash yourselves
Uds. se lavan
He washes the car.
Él lava el carro.
to bathe oneself
bañarse
I bathe myself
yo me baño
you bathe yourself
tú te bañas
he bathes himself
él se baña
we bathe ourselves
nosotros nos bañamos
they bathe themselves
ellos se bañan
to dedicate oneself
dedicarse
I dedicate myself
yo me dedico
you dedicate yourself
tú te dedicas
she dedicates herself
ella se dedica
we dedicate ourselves
nosotros nos dedicamos
they(f) dedicate themselves
ellas se dedican
to defender oneself
defenderse
I defend myself
yo me defiendo
you defend yourself
tú te defiendes
you(fm) defend yourself
Ud. se defiende
we defend ourselves
nosotros nos defendemos
you(fm pl) defend yourself
Uds. se defienden
to enjoy oneself
divertirse
I enjoy myself
yo me divierto
you enjoy yourself
tú te diviertes
he enjoys himself
él se divierte
we enjoy ourselves
nosotros nos divertimos
they enjoy themselves
ellos se divierten
to express oneself
expresarse
I express myself
yo me expreso
you express yourself
tú te expresas
she expresses herself
ella se expresa
we express ourselves
nosotros nos expresamos
they(f) express themselves
ellas se expresan
to call oneself
llamarse
I call myself
yo me llamo
you call yourself
tú te llamas
you(fm) call youself
Ud. se llama
we call ourselves
nosotros nos llamamos
you(fm pl) call yourselves
Uds. se llaman
to ask oneself, to wonder
prenguntarse
I ask myself
yo me pregunto
you ask yourself
tú te preguntas
he asks himself
él se pregunta
we ask ourselves
nosotros nos preguntamos
they ask themselves
ellos se preguntan
to put oneself to to bed
acostarse
I put myself to bed
me acuesto
you put yourself to bed
te acuestas
he puts himself to bed
él se acuesta
we put ourselves to bed
nos acostamos
they put themselves to bed
ellos se acuestan
to shower oneself
ducharse
I shower myself
me ducho
you shower yourself
te duchas
he showers himself
él se ducha
we shower ourselves
nos duchamos
they shower themselves
ellos se duchan
to get oneself sick
enfermarse
I get sick
me enfermo
you get sick
te enfermas
You(fm) get sick
Ud. se enferma
we get sick
nos enfermamos
you(fm pl) get sick
Uds. se enferman
to sit down, to seat oneself
sentarse
I seat myself
me siento
you seat yourself
te sientas
she seats herself
ella se sienta
we seat ourselves
nos sentamos
they(f) seat themselves
ellas se sientan
to wake up, to wake oneself
despertarse
I wake up
me despierto
you wake up
te despiertas
you(fm) wake up
Ud. se despierta
we wake up
nos despertamos
you(fm pl) wake up
Uds. se despiertan
to fall asleep
dormirse
I fall asleep
me duermo
you fall asleep
te duermes
she falls asleep
ella se duerme
we fall asleep
nos dormimos
they(f) fall asleep
ellas se duermen
to get up, to raise oneself
levantarse
I get up
me levanto
you get up
te levantas
he gets up
él se levanta
we get up
nos levantamos
they get up
ellos se levantan
to get dressed, to dress oneself
vestirse
I get dressed
me visto
you get dressed
te vistes
you(fm) get dressed
Ud. se viste
we get dressed
nos vestimos
you(fm pl) get dressed
Uds. se visten
Where does reflexive pronoun go in a sentence?
directly before conjugated verb or attached to infinitive
We wake up at 8.
Nos despertamos a las ocho.
We get up at 8:30.
Nos levantamos a las ocho y media.
They have a good time on the weekends.
Ellos se divierten los fines de semana.
At what time do you go to bed?
¿A qué hora te acuestas?
She is going to dedicate herself to the law.
Ella va a dedicarse a la ley.
I’m going to bathe myself before going to bed.
Voy a bañarme antes de acostarme.
We want to express ourselves well in Spanish.
Queremos expresarnos bien en español.
I’m a nurse; I have to wake up a 6 in the morning.
Soy enfermera; tengo que despertarme a las seis de la mañana.
After waking up, I get up and go to the kitchen to prepare my breakfast.
Después de despertarme, me levanto y voy a la cocina a preparar mi desayuno.
Before getting dressed, I bathe or shower. I like to sing in the bathroom.
Antes de vestirme, me baño o me ducho. Me gusta cantar en el baño.
At 7, I sit at the table to eat.
A las siete, me siento a la mesa para comer.
I have two good friends; they’re named Carlos and Julia.
Tengo dos buenos amigos; se llaman Carlos y Julia.
They are lawyers and dedicate themselves to defending the people.
Ellos son abogados y se dedican a defender a la gente.
We work a lot during the week and we enjoy the weekends.
Trabajamos mucho durante la semana y nos divertimos los fines de semana.
We practice Spanish grammar for hours and hours in conversation and we always try to express ourselves well.
Practicamos la gramática de español por horas y horas en conversación y siempre tratamos de expresarnos bien.
During the week, I speak to them on the phone. To me, I like to read until late, but to them, they like to go to bed at 11.
Durante la semana, les hablo por teléfono. A mí me gusta leer hasta tarde, pero a ellos les gusta acostarse a las once.
I like to go to bed at 12. I fall asleep quickly.
Me gusta acostarme a las doce. Me duermo rápidamente.
nurse
enfermera
to become; used for physical or emotional changes
ponerse + adj
I become angry upon hearing the news.
Me pongo brava al escuchar las noticias.
She gets red (blushes) because she is shy.
Ella se pone roja porque es tímida.
used to express sudden, involuntary change
volverse + adj
Even the psychologists go crazy.
Hasta los psicólogos se vuelven locos.
2 verbs used with nouns expressing profession; they imply effort on the part of the subject.
hacerse, llegar a ser
She is becoming a doctor.
Ella se hace doctora.
He is becoming a doctor also.
Él llega a ser doctor también.
to get ready to go out, to fix oneself up
arreglarse
to take advantage of
aprovecharse (de)
to dare to
atreverse (a)
to make fun of
burlarse (de)
to become quiet
callarse
to delay
demorarse
to have breakfast
desayunarse
to fall in love with
enamorarse (de)
to make a mistake, to be wrong
equivocarse
to trust, to have trust in
fiarse (en)
to notice
fijarse (en)
to hurt oneself
lastimarse
to get along (well) with
llevarse (bien) (con)
to get better
mejorarse
to get involved in, to meddle
meterse
to behave oneself (well/badly)
portarse (bien/mal)
to complain about
quejarse (de)
to burn oneself, to get burned
quemarse
to meet with
reunirse (con)
to remember (reflexive verb)
acordarse
I remember (reflexive)
me acuerdo
you remember (reflexive)
te acuerdas
he remembers (reflexive)
él se acuerda
we remember (reflexive)
nos acordamos
they remember (reflexive)
ellos se acuerdan
to realize
darse cuenta (de)
I realize
me doy cuenta
you realize
te das cuenta
she realizes
ella se da cuenta
we realize
nos damos cuenta
they(f) realize
ellas se dan cuenta
to meet with (unexpectedly), to bump into someone
encontrarse (con)
I (unexpectedly) meet
me encuentro
you (unexpectedly) meet
te encuentras
you(fm) (unexpectedly) meet
Ud. se encuentra
we (unexpectedly) meet
nos encontramos
you(fm pl) (unexpectedly) meet
Uds. se encuentran
I notice the details a lot.
Me fijo mucho en los detalles.
He remembers her.
Él se acuerda de ella.
the details
los detalles
to die
morirse
I die
me muero
you die
te mueres
he dies
él se muere
we die
nos morimos
they die
ellos se mueren
to laugh (reflexive)
reírse
I laugh (reflexive)
me río
you laugh (reflexive)
te ríes
he laughs (reflexive)
él se ríe
we laugh (reflexive)
nos reímos
they laugh (reflexive)
ellos se rîen
to resemble, to look like
parecerse (a)
I resemble
me parezco
you resemble
te pareces
you(fm) resemble
Ud. se parece
we resemble
nos parecemos
you(fm pl) resemble
Uds. se parecen
to feel (well/ill) or any emotion or health condition
sentirse (bien/mal)
I feel
me siento
you feel
te sientes
she feels
ella se siente
we feel
nos sentimos
they(f) feel
ellas se sienten
The family likes to eat together in the mornings. They always eat breakfast with cereal and juice before leaving the house.
A la familia le gusta comer juntos en la mañana. Siempre se desayunan con cereal y jugo antes de salir de la casa.
The adolescents like to go to secondary school because the bump into their friends every day.
A los adolescentes les gusta ir a la escuela secundaria porque se encuentran con sus amigos todos los días.
Many persons become nervous before having an exam.
Muchas personas se ponen nerviosas antes de tener un examen.
The happy little girl thinks that everything is amusing; she laughs all of the time.
La niña feliz piensa que todo es gracioso; ella se ríe todo el tiempo.
He makes mistakes a lot because he speaks without knowing anything.
Él se equivoca mucho porque habla sin saber nada.
I don’t remember my uncles phone number ever.
Yo no me acuerdo nunca del número de teléfono de mi tío.
Do you(fm) take advantage of a good situation?
¿Se aprovecha Ud. de una buena situación?
She complains about her neighbors because they make a lot of noise.
Ella se queja de sus vecinos porque hacen mucho ruido.
The theatrical play is interesting; the time passes quickly and the audience doesn’t notice the hour.(time)
La obra de teatro es interesante; el tiempo pasa rápidamente y la audiencia no se fija en la hora.
No one should make fun of anyone.
Nadie debe burlarse de nadie.
The daughter has the same nose as her mom. They look a lot alike.
La hija tiene la misma nariz que su mamá. Se parecen mucho.
I don’t like to get involved in the problems of others.
No me gusta meterme en los problemas de otros.
She arrives late because the trains are delayed during rush hour.
Ella llega tarde porque se demoran los trenes durante la hora pico.
The single man falls crazy in love with the beautiful woman.
El hombre soltero se enamora locamente de la mujer hermosa.
We become quiet to listen to the expert who speaks in a low voice.
Nosotros nos callamos para escuchar hablar al experto que habla en voz bajo.
Carla is afraid of the water and doesn’t dare to travel on boat.
Carla tiene miedo del agua y no se atreve a viajar en barco.
Do you(fm pl) think that the adolescents behave good or bad?
¿Piensan Uds. que los adolescentes se portan bien o mal?
He doesn’t have friends because he trusts no one.
Él no tiene amigos porque no se fía en nadie.
to shave oneself
afeitarse
I shave
me afeito
you shave
te afeitas
he shaves
él se afeita
we shave
nos afeitamos
they shave
ellos se afeitan
to put makeup on, to make up (one’s face)
maquillarse (la cara)
I put makeup on
me maquillo
you put makeup on
te maquillas
you(fm) put makeup on
Ud. se maquilla
we put makeup on
nos maquillamos
you(fm pl) put makeup on
Uds. se maquillan
to put make up on, to paint nails
pintarse (las uñas)
I paint (nails)
me pinto
you paint (nails)
te pintas
she paints (nails)
ella se pinta
we paint (nails)
nos pintamos
they(f) paint (nails)
ellas se pintan
to take off (clothing)
quitarse
I take off (clothing)
me quito
you take off (clothing)
te quitas
he takes off (clothing)
él se quita
we take off (clothing)
nos quitamos
they take off (clothing)
ellos se quitan
to brush (one’s teeth or hair)
cepillarse (los dientes, el pelo)
I brush
me cepillo
you brush
te cepillas
she brushes
ella se cepilla
we brush
nos cepillamos
they(f) brush
ellas se cepillan
to comb (one’s hair)
peinarse (el pelo)
I comb
me peino
you comb
te peinas
he combs
él se peina
we comb
nos peinamos
they comb
ellos se peinan
to put on (clothing)
ponerse
I put on (clothing)
me pongo
you put on (clothing)
te pones
you(fm) put on (clothing)
Ud. se pone
we put on (clothing)
nos ponemos
you (fm pl) put on (clothing)
Uds. se ponen
to become happy, to be glad
alegrarse (de)
to cheer up
animarse
to get scared
asustarse
to calm down
calmarse, tranquilizarse
to get angry
enojarse (con) , enfadarse (con)
to worry
preocuparse (de)
to remain (reflexive)
quedarse
to move (from one place to another)
mudarse
to stand up
pararse
to fall down
caerse
I fall down
me caigo
you fall down
te caes
he fall down
él se cae
we fall down
nos caemos
they fall down
ellos se caen
to move oneself
moverse
I move
me muevo
you move
te mueves
you(fm) move
Ud. se mueve
we move
nos movemos
you(fm pl) move
Uds. se mueven
to go away, to leave quickly
irse
I leave quickly
me voy
you leave quickly
te vas
she leaves quickly
ella se va
we leave quickly
nos vamos
they(f) leave quickly
ellas se van
The happy little boy is in the tree. He isn’t afraid of falling.
Él niño alegre está en el árbol. No tiene miedo de caerse.
The husband shaves his beard while his wife paints her nails.
El esposo se afeita la barba mientras su esposa se pinta las uñas.
I don’t know why you get mad if someone criticizes you.
No entiendo por qué te enojas tú si alguien te critica.
Upon entering the luxurious apartment, we take off our shoes.
Al entrar en el apartamento lujoso, nosotros nos quitamos los zapatos.
It’s cold and they put on a sweater and a jacket.
Hace frío y ellos se ponen un suéter y una chaqueta.
It’s a good hotel, but I don’t want to stay in this city.
Es un buen hotel, pero no quiero quedarme en esta ciudad.
The student worries a lot because he has an exam tomorrow.
El estudiante se preocupa mucho porque tiene un examen mañana.
I’m going to move to San Francisco; they tell me that is a beautiful place.
Voy a mudarme a San Francisco; me dicen que es un sitio hermoso.
She is nervous; to calm herself she drinks hot milk.
Ella está nerviosa; para tranquilizarse ella toma leche caliente.
We become very happy to hear the good news.
Nosotros nos alegramos mucho de escuchar las buenas noticias.
Before putting myself to sleep, I always brush my teeth.
Antes de dormirme, siempre me cepillo los dientes.
After waking up, they comb their hair.
Después de despertarse, ellos se peinan el cabello.
the audience
la audiencia
to criticize
criticar
plural forms of reflexive verbs are used to express the idea of “each other”
FYI
phrase to clarify “each other” with reflexive verbs
el uno al otro, los unos a los otros, la una a la otra, las unas a las otras
to help each other
ayudarse
to know each other
conocerse
to understand each other
entenderse
to write each other
escribirse
to speak to each other
hablarse
to see each other
verse
to love (care about) each other
quererse
Elena and Paula help each other a lot.
Elena y Paula se ayudan mucho.
My friends help each other.
Mis amigos se ayudan el uno al otro.
We know each other well.
Nos conocemos bien.
Do you(fm pl) know each other?
¿Se conocen Uds.?
The two sisters understand each other well.
Las dos hermanas se entienden bien.
Roberto and Sonia care about each other.
Roberto y Sonia se quieren.
They see each other every day.
Ellos se ven todos los días.
How do you say “hello” in Spanish?
¿Cómo se dice “hello” en español?
One lives well in this country.
Se vive bien en este país.
It is believed that Italians are romantic.
Se cree que los italianos son románticos.
It is known that he is a good worker.
Se sabe que él es un buen trabajador.
Here one speaks Spanish/ Here Spanish is spoken.
Aquí se habla español.
It is not permitted to swim here.
No se permite nadar aquí.
Where can one park in New York?
¿Dónde se puede estacionar en Nueva York?
It is prohibited to smoke.
Se prohíbe fumar.
Ricardo wakes up at 6 every day.
Ricardo se despierta a las seis todos los días.
He showers before getting dressed.
Él se ducha antes de vestirse.
He likes to eat breakfast at the house before leave for his job.
Le gusta desayunarse en casa antes de salir para su trabajo.
Ricardo meets with his colleagues at 7:30 in the morning.
Ricardo se reúne con sus colegas a las siete y media de la mañana.
All are firefighters and they dedicate themselves to putting out fires.
Todos son bomberos y se dedican a apagar incendios.
They help each other.
Ellos se ayudan.
They say that firefighters are heroes.
Se dice que los bomberos son héroes.
They dare to enter in dangerous buildings without worry.
Se atreven a entrar en edificios peligrosos sin preocuparse.
They help the people to calm down and feel better.
Ellos ayudan a la gente a calmarse y sentirse mejor.
From time to time, they delay putting out the fire and the building burns.
De vez en cuando, se demoran en apagar el incendio y el edificio se quema.
Ricardo stays at the firefighter station for 3 days.
Ricardo se queda en la estación de bomberos por tres días.
Upon returning home, he eats something, bathes, goes to bed early and falls asleep quickly.
Al regresar a casa, él come algo, se baña, se acuesta temprano y se duerme rápidamente.
the fires (forest, house, building, etc.)
los incendios
to hurry
apresurarse
to chat
charlar
to converse
conversar
to let
dejar
to choose
escoger
to fill up oneself
llenarse
to move oneself
moverse
to ask for, request
pedir
the shrimp
los camarones
the cream
la nata
the pastry
el pastel
cozy
acogedor
energetic, excited, animated
animado
satisfied (complacent)
complacido
thin, slim
delgado
talkative
hablador(a)
busy, occupied
ocupado
radiant
radiante
seated
sentado
far away
a lo lejos
Beyond/outside my window (more over there)
más allá de mi ventana
above all
sobre todo
I wake up well.
Me despierto bien.
I like the slim curtains because they let the light of the morning enter.
Me gustan las cortinas delgadas porque dejan entrar la luz de la mañana.
Outside (beyond) my window, I see the lush plants of radiant green.
Más allá de mi ventana, veo las plantas exuberantes de verde radiante.
After showering for a long time, I put on a simple, but elegant dress and leave from the hotel with the book of tourism in my bag.
Después de ducharme largamente, me pongo un vestido sencillo pero elegante y salgo del hotel con el libro de turismo en mi bolsa.
I look for a cozy restaurant in order to drink the first coffee of the day.
Busco un restaurante acogedor para tomar el primer café del día.
I enter in one that has a pleasant atmosphere and look at all of the pastries.
Entro en uno que tiene un ambiente agradable y miro todos los pasteles.
I can’t choose between the one of cream and the cake with cream and fruit; well, I ask for two pastries and black (only) coffee, and he gives them to me.
No puedo escoger entre el de nata y la torta con crema y fruta; pues, pido dos pasteles y un café solo, y me los da.
I seat myself in a beautiful table for two.
Me siento en una mesa hermosa para dos.
The coffee is strong and delicious.
El café está fuerte y delicioso.
There is no reason for me to rush and I eat the pastries tranquilly.
No hay razón para apresurarme y como los pasteles tranquilamente.
The restaurant gets full, one can see that the people are kind and talkative.
El restaurante se llena; se ve que la gente es muy amable y habladora.
They converse with all of their body, above all with their hands.
Conversan con todo el cuerpo, sobre todo con las manos.
What do they talk about so animated at this hour so early in the morning?
¿De qué hablan, tan animados, a esta hora tan temprano de la mañana?
I don’t know anybody.
No conozco a nadie.
But to me it seems possible to find me someone, some person with whom I can have an interesting conversation.
Pero me parece posible encontrarme a alguien, a una persona con quien puedo tener una conversación interesante.
This restaurant is a good place; I don’t move myself from here for a bit.
Este restaurante es un buen sitio; no me muevo de aquí por un rato.
Someone is going to see me here seated, and instead of passing by my table without saying anything, they’re going to tell me “Miss, is this seat taken?”
Alguien va a verme, aquí sentada, y en vez de pasar por mi mesa sin decir nada, me va a decir “Señorita, está ocupada esta silla?”
I’m going to answer him with a smile “No, you(fm) can seat yourself.)
Yo le voy a contestar con una sonrisa, “No, Ud. puede sentarse.”
And he seats himself satisfied (complacent).
Y él se sienta complacido.
Soon we are friends, and after drinking another coffee and another pastry, he invites me to accompany him to a museum and drink a wine with him.
Dentro de poco somos amigos, y después de tomar otro café y otro pastel, él me invita a acompañarlo a un museo y tomar un vino con él.
We chat and laugh and we enjoy ourselves a lot during our dinner of fish and shrimp.
Charlamos y nos reímos y nos divertimos mucho durante nuestra cena de pescado y camarones.
Far away, in the distance, I see him come.
A lo lejos, en la distancia, lo veo venir.
