Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders

Question 0

Abnormal behavior

Answer 0

Patterns of emotion, thought, and action considered pathological for one or more of four reasons: statistical infrequency, disability or dysfunction, personal distress, or violation of norms
Ex. Freaking out

Question 1

Borderline personality disorder

Answer 1

Impulsivity and instability in mood, relationships, and self-image
Ex. Feeling of depression & personality

Question 2

Statistical infrequency

Answer 2

The behavior may be judged abnormal if it occurs infrequently in a given population. statical infrequency alone does not determine what is normal.

Ex: Believing others are plotting against you

Question 3

Disability or dysfunction

Answer 3

People who suffer from psychological disorders may be unable to get along with others, hold a job, eat properly, or clean themselves. their ability to think clearly and make rational decisions may also be impaired

Ex: being unable to go to work due to alcohol abuse

Question 4

Personal distress

Answer 4

The personal distress criterion focuses on the individual’s judgment of his or her level of functioning. yet many people with psychological disorders deny they have a problem. also some serious psychological disorders cause little or no personal emotional discomfort. the personal distress criterion by itself is not sufficient for identifying all forms of a normal behavior.

Ex: having thoughts of suicide

Question 5

Violations of norms

Answer 5

4th approach to identifying abnormal behavior is violation of social norms, or cultural rules that guide behavior in particular situations. a major problem with this criterion, however, is that cultural diversity can affect what people consider a violation of norms

Ex: shouting at strangers

Question 6

Medical model

Answer 6

Perspective that assumes diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and possibly cured

Question 7

Psychiatry

Answer 7

Branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders
Ex. Psychiatrist

Question 8

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

Answer 8

Classification system developed by the American psychiatric Association used to describe abnormal behaviors

Question 9

Neurosis

Answer 9

Outmoded term for disorders characterized by unrealistic anxiety and other associated problems; less severe disruptions than in psychosis
Ex. Neurotic

Question 10

Psychosis

Answer 10

Serious mental disorders characterized by extreme mental disruption and defective or lost contact with reality

Question 11

Insanity

Answer 11

Legal term applied when people cannot be held responsible for their actions, or are judged incompetent to manage their own affairs, because of mental illness
Ex. Insane in the membrane

Question 12

Anxiety disorders

Answer 12

Problems associated with severe anxiety such as phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder

Question 13

Mood disorders

Answer 13

Problems associated with severe disturbances of mood such as depression, mania, or alternating episodes of two (bipolar disorder)

Question 14

Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders

Answer 14

A group of disorders characterized by major disturbances in perception, language and thought, emotion, and behavior

Question 15

Dissociative disorders

Answer 15

Disorders in which the normal integration of consciousness, memory, or identity is suddenly and temporarily altered

Ex: amnesia and dissociative identity disorder

Question 16

Personality disorders

Answer 16

Problems related to lifelong maladaptive personality traits, including antisocial personality disorders or borderline personality disorders

Question 17

Substance related disorders

Answer 17

Problems caused by alcohol, cocaine, tobacco, and other drugs

Question 18

Somatoform disorders

Answer 18

Problems related to unusual preoccupation with physical health or physical symptoms with no physical cause

Question 19

Factitious disorders

Answer 19

Conditions in which physical or psychological symptoms are intentionally produced in order to assume patient’s roll

Question 20

Sexual and gender identity disorders

Answer 20

Problems related to unsatisfactory sexual activity, finding unusual objects or situations arousing; gender identity problems

Question 21

Eating disorders

Answer 21

Problems related to food such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia

Question 22

Sleep disorders

Answer 22

Serious disturbances asleep such as insomnia, sleep terrors, or hypersomnia

Question 23

Impulse control disorders

Answer 23

Problems related to kleptomania, pyromania, and pathological gambling

Question 24

Adjustment disorders

Answer 24

Problems involving excessive emotional reaction to specific stressors such as divorce, family discord, or economic concerns

Question 25

Disorders usually first aid most in infancy, childhood, or adolescence

Answer 25

Problems that appear before adulthood, including mental retardation and language development disorders

Question 26

Delirium, dementia, amnestic, and other cognitive disorders

Answer 26

Problems caused by noon damage to the brain including Alzheimer’s disease, strokes, and physical trauma to the brain

Question 27

Mental disorders due to a general medical condition

Answer 27

Problems caused by physical deterioration of the brain due to disease, drugs, and so on

Question 28

Other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention

Answer 28

Problems related to physical or sexual abuse, relational problems, occupational problems, and so forth

Question 29

Generalized anxiety disorder or

Answer 29

Persistent, uncontrollable, and free-floating non specified anxiety

Question 30

Panic disorder

Answer 30

Sudden and inexplicable panic attacks; symptoms include difficulty breathing, heart palpitations, dizziness, trembling, terror, and feelings of impending doom

Question 31

Phobia

Answer 31

Intense, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation

Question 32

Obsessive compulsive disorder

Answer 32

Intrusive, repetitive, fearful thoughts, with urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors, or both

Question 33

Mood disorder

Answer 33

Extreme disturbances in emotional states

Question 34

Major depressive disorder

Answer 34

Long-lasting depressed mood that interferes with the ability to function, feel pleasure, or maintain interest in life

Question 35

Bipolar disorder

Answer 35

Repeated episodes of mania alternating with depression

Question 36

Learned helplessness

Answer 36

Seligman’s term for a state of helplessness or resignation, in which human or nonhuman animals learn that escape from something painful is impossible and depression results

Question 37

Hallucinations

Answer 37

Imaginary sensory perceptions that occur without external stimuli

Question 38

Dopamine hypothesis

Answer 38

Theory that overactivity of dopamine neurons may contribute to some forms of schizophrenia

Question 39

Delusions

Answer 39

Mistaken beliefs based on misrepresentations of reality

Question 40

Diathesis stress model

Answer 40

Suggests that people inherit a predisposition that increases the risk for mental disorders if exposed to certain extremely stressful life experiences

Question 41

Substance related disorders

Answer 41

Abuse of, or dependence on, a mood-or behavior-altering drug

Question 42

Comorbidity

Answer 42

Co-occurrence of two or more disorders in the same person at the same time, as when a person suffers from both depression and alcoholism
Ex. Weed & JOOCE

Question 43

Dissociative identity disorder

Answer 43

Presence of two or more distinct personality systems in the same individual at different times; previously known as multiple personality disorder

Question 44

Antisocial personality disorder

Answer 44

Profound disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others