Chapter 10: Life Span Development II Flashcards
Psychosocial stages
Eriksons theory that individuals passed through eight developmental stages each involving a crisis that must be successfully resolved
Ex. Mistrust vs. trust
Temperament
an individuals and Innate behavioral style and characteristics emotional response
Ex. Easy going child
Individualistic cultures
Needs and goals of the individual are emphasized over the needs and goals of the group
Ex. Answering the question “I am…” With personality traits
Collectivist cultures
Needs and goals of the group are emphasize over the needs and goals of the individual
Ex. Answering the “I am…” Question with culture of gender
Activity theory of aging
Successful aging is fostered by a full and active commitment to life
Ex. Being involved in activities and groups
Disengagement theory of aging
Successful aging is characterized by mutual withdrawl between the elderly and society
Ex. Not leaving your house
Socioemotional selectivity theory of aging
A natural decline in social contact occurs as older adults become more selective with their time
Ex. Only socializing with people you like, close friends & family
Thanatology
The study of death and die; the term comes from the thanatus the Greek name for a mythical personification of death, and was borrowed by Frued to represent the death instinct
Ex. Terminally ill people
Resiliency
Refers to the ability to adapt effectively in the face of threat
Ex. When somebody breaks into your house you grab a weapon
Preconventional level
Kohlbergs first level of moral development in which morality is based on rewards punishment and exchange of favors
Ex. What you can get away with
Conventional morality
Kohlbergs Second level of moral development in which moral judgments are based on compliance with the rules and values of society
Ex. Obeying laws
Postconventional level
Kohlbergs highest level of moral development in which individuals develop personal standards for writing and define morality in terms of abstract principles and values that apply
to all situations and society
Ex. Determining personal limits
Punishment obedience orientation
Stage 1 of kohlbergs moral development
Part of the pre conventional level
- focus is on self interest, obedience to authority and avoidance of punishment
Ex. Braking 15 cups is worse than breaking one cup
Instrumental exchange orientation
Stage two of Kohlberg’s moral development
Part of preconventional level
- Children become aware of others’ perspectives but the morality is based on equal change of papers
Ex. You scratch my back & I’ll scratch yours
Good-Child orientation
Stage III of Kohlberg’s moral development
Conventional level
Primary moral concern is being nice and gaining approval and judges other by their intentions
Ex. His heart was in the right place
Law and order orientation
Stage 4 of Kohlberg’s moral development
Part of conventional level
Marotti based on a larger perspective societies laws. One feels as if it is their duty to respect law and order
Ex. Not stealing from a store
Social contract orientation
Stage 5 of Kohlberg’s moral development
Part of the post conventional morality
Appreciation for the underlying purpose is served by loss. Societal laws are obeyed because of the social contract
Ex. Why we put people in jail for murder
Universal ethics orientation
Stage six of Kohlberg’s moral development
Part of the postconventional morality
What is right to one is just is determined personal ethical principles that all religions or moral authority is my view as compelling or fair
Ex. Martin Luther king breaking lawS such as moral dignity
Easy children
Thomas & Chess on babies
Happy babies most the time relax and agreeable and adjusted easily to new situations (40 percent)
Ex. Me as a baby
Difficult children
Thomas and chess
Infants were moody, easily frustrated tense and overreactive to most situations
Ex. My brother as a baby
SLow to warm up children
Thomas & chess
Infants that showed mild responses for somewhat shy and withdrawn and needed time to adjust to new experiences or people
Ex. Baby I babysit for
Versus vs. mistrust
Stage one
Birth to age 1
Infants learn to trust that there needs will be met especially by the mother; if not miss trust develops
Autonomy versus shame and doubt
Stage two
Ages 1 to 3
Toddlers learn exercise will, make choices and control themselves. Caregivers patience and encouragement help foster a sense of autonomy versus shame and doubt
Initiative versus guilt
StAge 3
Ages just 3 to 6
Preschoolers learn to initiate activities enjoy their accomplishments. Supportive care givers promote feeling of power and self-confidence versus guilt
Industry versus inferiority
Stage 4
Ages 6 to 12
Elementary school age children develop a sense of industry and learn productive skills that their culture requires; if not they feel inferior
Identity versus role confusion
Stage five
Adolescence
A period of Serious soul-searching and which adolescents develop a coherent sense of self and the role in society. If not adolescents may feel a loss of identity
Intimacy versus isolation
Stage six
Early Adulthood
After learning who they are and how to be independent young adults form Internet connections with others if not they face isolation
Generativity versus stagnation
StAge 7
Middle adulthood
Middle-aged adults develop a concern first I was saying influence the next generation. If this expansion does not occur in individual stagnates and is concerned showing with material possessions in personal well-being
Ego integrity versus despair
Stage eight
Late adulthood
Older people entered a period of reflection; in which they feel a sense of accomplishment or experience regret in and despair
