Chapter 1: Intro to Psych and Methods

Question 0

Critical Thinking

Answer 0

Process of objectively evaluating, comparing, analyzing, and synthesizing information

Question 1

Debriefing

Answer 1

Involves explaining the reasons for conducting the research and clearing up any misconceptions or concerns on the part of the participant

Question 2

Psychology

Answer 2

Scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Question 3

Nature-Nurture Controversy

Answer 3

Ongoing dispute over the relative contributions of nature (heredity) and nurture (environment)

Question 4

Behavioral perspective

Answer 4

Emphasizes objective observable enviromental influences on overt behavior

Question 5

Biopsychosocial model

Answer 5

Drawls from all seven modern perspectives and also incorporates biological psychological and social processes

Question 6

Cognitive Perspective

Answer 6

Focuses on thinking, perceiving, and information processing

Question 7

Evolutionary Perspective

Answer 7

Focuses on natural selection, adaptation, and evolution of behavior and mental processes

Question 8

Humanistic Perspective

Answer 8

Emphasizes free will, self-actualization, and human nature as naturally positive and growth-seeking

Question 9

Bio psychology/Neuroscience

Answer 9

Investigates the relationship between biology, behavior, and mental process, including now physical and chemical processes affect the structure and function of the brain and nervous system

Question 10

Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Perspective

Answer 10

Focuses on unconscious processes and unresolved past conflicts

Question 11

Sociocultural Perspective

Answer 11

Emphasizes social interaction and cultural determinants of behavior and mental processes

Question 12

Applied Research

Answer 12

Research designed to solve practical problems

Question 13

Basic Research

Answer 13

Research conducted to advance scientific knowledge

Question 14

Hypothesis

Answer 14

Specific, testable prediction about how one factor, or variable, is related to another

Question 15

Informed consent

Answer 15

Participants are aware of the nature of the study and significant factors that might influence their willingness to participate

Question 16

Theory

Answer 16

Interrelated set of concepts that explain a body of data

Question 17

Meta-Analysis

Answer 17

Statistical procedure for combining and analyzing data from many studies

Question 18

Correlational

Answer 18

Statistical analysis of relationships between variables

Question 19

Experimental bias

Answer 19

When conducting research this tendency of experiments to influence the results in the experimental direction

Question 20

Double blind study

Answer 20

In which neither the observer nor the participant knows which group received experimental treatment

Question 21

Placebo

Answer 21

A fake pill or injection

Question 22

Ethnocentrism

Answer 22

When we assume that behavior is typical in our culture is typical in all cultures

Question 23

Sample bias

Answer 23

Systematic differences among the groups being studied

Question 24

Random assignment

Answer 24

Ensures that each participant is equally likely to be assigned to any particular group differences among the participants will be spread out across all experimental conditions

Question 25

Participant bias

Answer 25

Can occur when experimental conditions influence participants behavior or mental process

Question 26

Missattribution of arousal

Answer 26

Different emotions process produce similar feelings of arousal which leads to mistaken inferences about these emotions and the source of arousal

Question 27

DeScriptive research

Answer 27

Observes and describes behavior and mental processes without manipulating variables

Question 28

Case study

Answer 28

Such an in-depth study of a single research participant

Question 29

Correlational research

Answer 29

When researchers want to determine how one trait or behavior accompanies another and the degree of relationship or correlation between these naturally occurring variables

Question 30

Naturalistic observation

Answer 30

Researchers systematically measure and record the observable behaviors of participants as it occurs in the real world without interfering

Question 31

Correlational coefficient

Answer 31

Numerical values from correlational research that indicates the degree and direction of the relationship between two variables

Question 32

Operational Definition

Answer 32

Precise description of how the variables in a study will be observed and measured. (For example, drug abuse might be defined as “the number of missed work days she to excessive use of an addictive substance.”)

Question 33

Development Psychology

Answer 33

Studies the course of human growth and development from conception until death

Question 34

Educational and School Psychology

Answer 34

Studies the process of education and works to promote the intellectual, social, and emotional development of children in the school environment

Question 35

Experimental Psychology

Answer 35

Examines processes such as learning, conditioning, motivation, emotion, sensation, and perception in humans and other animals. (The term experimental psychologist is somewhat misleading because psychologists working in most all areas of specialization also conduct research.)

Question 36

Biological research

Answer 36

Studies of the brain and other parts of the nervous system

Question 37

Positive Psychology

Answer 37

Scientific study of optimal human functioning, emphasizing positive emotions, positive traits, and positive institutions

Question 38

Biopsychosocial Model

Answer 38

Unifying theme of modern psychology that incorporates biological (e.g. genetics, brain functions, neurotransmitters, and evolution), psychological (e.g. learning, thinking, emotion, personality, and motivation), and sock processes (e.g. family, culture, ethnicity, social class, and politics)

Question 39

Neuroscience/Biopsychology Perspective

Answer 39

Emphasizes genetics and other biological processes in the brain and other parts of the nervous system

Question 40

Forensic Psychology

Answer 40

Applies principles of psychology to the legal system, including jury selection, psychological profiling, and so on

Question 41

Prediction

Answer 41

Identifying the conditions under which a future behavior or mental process is likely to occur

Question 42

Counseling Psychology

Answer 42

Overlaps with clinical psychology, but practitioners tend to work with less seriously disturbed individuals and conduct more career and vocational assessment

Question 43

Experimental research

Answer 43

Manipulation and control of variables

Question 44

Introspection

Answer 44

Monitoring and reporting on the contents of consciousness

Question 45

Gender and/or Cultural Psychology

Answer 45

Investigates how men and women and different cultures differ from one another and how they are similar

Question 46

Social Psychology

Answer 46

Investigates the role of social forces and interpersonal behavior, including aggression, prejudice, love, helping, conformity, and attitudes

Question 47

Cognitive perspective

Answer 47

Recall psychologies earliest days that emphasizes thinking perceiving and information processing

Question 48

Control group

Answer 48

Group that receives no treatment in an experiment

Question 49

Dependant variable

Answer 49

Variable that is measured it is affected by the independent variable

Question 50

Experimental group

Answer 50

Group that receives a treatment in an experiment

Question 51

Survey

Answer 51

poles and interviews to measure a wide variety of psychological behaviors and attitudes

Question 52

Industrial/Organizational Psychology

Answer 52

Applies the principles of psychology to the workplace, including personnel selection and evaluation, leadership, job satisfaction, employee motivation, and group processes within the organization

Question 53

Positive psychology

Answer 53

The scientific study of optimal human functioning