Appendix A Flashcards
Data
(Singular is datum)
Information obtained
Statistics
A branch of applied mathematics that uses numbers to describe and analyze information on a subject
Variable
A particular factor that may or may not have an effect on the behavior; can assume more than one value
Constant
Anything that remains the same and does not vary
Independent Variables
Those that are manipulated by the experimenter
Inferential Statistics
Branch of statistics that are used to make inference about the characteristics of a population based on sample data
Dependent Variable
A factor that results from, or depends on, the independent variable
Raw Data
Information in which there is no order to the numbers
Frequency Distribution
Shows the number of times a score or event occurs
Group Frequency Distributon
Individual scores are represented as members of a group of scores or as a range of scores
Class Intervals
A group of scores
Abscissa
The horizontal or x axis
Ordinate
The vertical or y axis
Histogram
Information graphed in the form of a bar graph
Polygon
Information graphed on a point or line graph
Descriptive Statistics
Using statistics to describe behavior
Population
An entire group
Sample
A part of a group
Measures of Central Tendency
Statistics indicating the center of the distribution; include mean, median, and mode
Mean
Average
Median
Middle score in the distribution
Mode
Score that occurs most often
“X”
Individual of raw score
Measure of variation
Measure of the spread of scores
Normal
Cultural rule of behavior describing what is acceptable in a given situation
Correlation
A relationship
Correlation Coefficient
Measures the relationship between two variables
Positive
Relationship that exists when two variables vary in the same direction
Negative
Occurs when two variables vary in opposite directions
Zero
No relationship when two variables are totally independent of one another
