Chapter 12: Motivation & Emotion

Question 0

Instinct theory

Answer 0

Emphasizes inborn, genetic factors in motivation

Ex: curiosity

Question 1

Emotional Intelligence

Answer 1

Goleman’s term for the ability to know and manage one’s emotions, empathize with others, and maintain satisfying relationship

Ex: self control and reaction to others

Question 2

Instinct

Answer 2

Fixed response pattern that is unlearned and found in almost all members of a species

Ex: acting maternal or aggressive

Question 3

Drive-Reduction Theory

Answer 3

Motivation begins with a physiological need (a lack or deficiency) that elicits a drive toward behavior that will satisfy the original need; once the need is met, a state of balance (homeostasis) is restored and motivation decreases

Ex: hunger->eating food->homeostasis

Question 4

Homeostasis

Answer 4

Bodily tendency to maintain a relatively stable state, such as a constant intern temperature

Ex: balance or stability of body

Question 5

Motivation

Answer 5

Set of factors that activate, direct, and maintain behavior, usually toward some goal

Ex: staying in shape motivates people to exercise

Question 6

Emotion

Answer 6

Subjective feeling that includes arousal, cognitions, and expressive behaviors

Ex: heart pounding, thoughts, values, expectations, smiles, frowns, and running

Question 7

Arousal Theory

Answer 7

Organisms are motivated to achieve and maintain an optimal level of arousal

Ex: need for food, water, etc.

Question 8

Incentive Theory

Answer 8

Motivation results from external stimuli that “pull” the organism in certain directions

Ex: Apple pie can “pull” towards continued eating

Question 9

Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 9

Maslow’s theory that motives must be met before advancing to higher needs

Ex: safety needs before self actualization

Question 10

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 10

Eating disorder characterized by a severe loss of weight resulting from self-imposed starvation and an obsessive fear of obesity

Ex: starves themselves

Question 11

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 11

Eating disorder involving the consumption of large shanties of food, followed by vomiting, extreme exercise, or laxative use

Ex: binging—>purging

Question 12

Achievement Motivation

Answer 12

Desire to excel, especially in competition with others

Ex: overachiever, must win against others

Question 13

Amygdala

Answer 13

Limbic system structure linked to the production and regulation of emotions

Ex: controls fear and other emotions

Question 14

James-Lange Theory

Answer 14

Our subjective experience of emotion follows our bodily arousal; emotion is distinct

Ex: I feel sad because I’m crying

Question 15

Cannon-Bard Theory

Answer 15

Arousal and our subjective experience of emotion occur simultaneously; all emotions are similar

Ex: I’m crying and feeling sad at the same time

Question 16

Facial-Feedback Hypothesis

Answer 16

Movements of the facial muscles produce and/or intensify our subjective experience of emotion

Ex: we feel happy because we smile

Question 17

Schachter’s Two-Factor Theory

Answer 17

Physical arousal and cognitive of that arousal produce our subjective experience of emotion

Ex: crying at a wedding could be joy or happiness

Question 18

Mirror Neurons

Answer 18

Brain cells that fire both when performing specific actions and when observing specific actions or emotions of another

Ex: empathy, imitation, language, emotional deficits of some mental disorders

Question 19

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 19

Motivation resulting from personal enjoyment of a task or activity

Ex: playing sports

Question 20

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 20

Motivation based on obvious extern rewards of threats of punishments

Ex: babysitting for money

Question 21

Polygraph

Answer 21

Instrument that measures sympathetic arousal to detect emotional arousal, which in turn supposedly reflects lying versus truthfulness

Ex: measures heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, and skin conductivity to see if you’re lying