Chapter 13: Personality

Question 0

Trait

Answer 0

Relatively stable personal characteristics that can be used to describe someone
Ex. Kind, sweet

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

Unique & relatively stable pAttern of thoughts, feelings, and actions
Ex. Being outgoing

Question 2

Factor analysis

Answer 2

Statistical procedure for determining the most basic units or factors for a large array of data
Ex. Limiting character traits to 35-40

Question 3

Five factor model

Answer 3

Trait theory of personality that includes openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism
Ex. Openess= original, imaginitative

Question 4

Conscious

Answer 4

In Freudian terms, thoughts or motives that a person is currently Aware of or is remembering
Ex. You know you are eating dinner

Question 5

Preconscious

Answer 5

Frueds term for thoughts, motives, or memories that can voluntarily be brought to mind
Ex. Remembering what you had for
Dinner last night

Question 6

Unconscious

Answer 6

Frueds term for thoughts, motives, and memories blocked from normal awareness
Ex. Dirty things you think about!!

Question 7

Id

Answer 7

According to Freud, the source of instinctual energy, which works on the pleasure principle and is concerned with immediate gratification
Ex. Wanting to do bad things with an attractive girl

Question 8

Pleasure principle

Answer 8

In freuds theory, the principle on which the is operates- seeking immediate pleasure
Ex. You want the candy right now bc you like it

Question 9

Ego

Answer 9

In Frueds theory, the rational part of the psyche that deals with reality by controlling the Id, while also satisfying the superego
Ex. Being a good person

Question 10

Reality principle

Answer 10

According to Freud, the principle on which the conscious ego operates as is tries to meet the demands of the Id & superego and the realities of the environment
Ex. You can’t have the person who is a 10 when you’re a sold 4

Question 11

Superego

Answer 11

In Frueds theory, the consciense or part of the personality that incorporates parental and societal standards for morality
Ex. The voice inside your head

Question 12

Morality principle

Answer 12

The principle on which the superego may operate, which results in feeling of guilt if it’s rules are violated
Ex. Personal morals

Question 13

Defense mechanisms

Answer 13

In Freudian theory, the egos protective method of reducing anxiety by distorting reality
Ex. Denying ones thoughts

Question 14

Repression

Answer 14

Freuds first & most basic mechanism, which blocks unacceptable impulses from coming into awareness
Ex. Forgetting the details of your parents painful death

Question 15

Psychosexual stages

Answer 15

In Freudian theory, five developmental periods( oral, anal, phallic, latency, & genital) during which particular kinds of pleasures must be gratified if personality development is to proceed normally
Ex. Over indulgent in the oral stage leads to gullibility

Question 16

Oedipus

Answer 16

Period of conflict during the phallic stage when children are supposedly attracted to the opposite sex parent and hostile toward the same sex parent
Ex. That’s weird as shit

Question 17

Inferiority complex

Answer 17

Alders idea that feelings of inferiority. Develop from early childhood experiences of helplessness and incompetence
Ex. Will to power

Question 18

Collective unconscious

Answer 18

Jungs concept of a reservoir of inherited, universal experiences that all humans share
Ex. We all live life

Question 19

Archetypes

Answer 19

According to Jung, the images and patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behavior that reside in the collective unconscious
Ex. Gender roles

Question 20

Basic anxiety

Answer 20

According to Horney, the feelings of helplessness and insecurity that adults experience bc as children they felt alone and isolated in a hostile environment
Ex. 3 ways to find security

Question 21

Self concept

Answer 21

Rogers term for all the information and beliefs and individuals have about their own nature, qualifies, and behavior
Ex. How you view the world

Question 22

Unconditional positive regard

Answer 22

Rogers term for love & acceptance with no contingencies attached
Ex. Good parents

Question 23

Self actualizations

Answer 23

Maslows term for the inborn drive to develop all ones talents & capabilities
Ex. Self actualizations

Question 24

Self efficacy

Answer 24

Banduras term for a person’s learned expectation of success

Ex. BELIVE you can succeed

Question 25

Reciprocal determinism

Answer 25

Baduras believed that cognition, behaviors and the environment interact to produce personality
Ex. How your mom responds affects yor success

Question 26

Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory

Answer 26

The most widely researched and clinically used self-report personality test
Ex. True or false questions

Question 27

Projective test

Answer 27

Physiological test using ambiguous stimuli such as inkblots or drawings which allows the test taker to project his or her unconscious onto the test material
Ex. Seeing a butterfly in black ink

Question 28

Rorscharch ink blot teSt

Answer 28

A projective test the presents a set of 10 cards for symmetrical abstract patterns notice in plots and asked respondents describe what they see in the image; the response is thought to be a projection of unconscious process
Ex. Seeing a butterfly in black ink lots

Question 29

Thematic apperception test

Answer 29

A projective test that shows a series of ambiguous black-and-white pictures and asked to test taker to create a story related to each; the responses presumably reflect a projection of unconscious process
Ex. Trying to guess somebody’s life story

Question 30

Reliability

Answer 30

Measure the consistency of reproducibility of a test score when the test is readministered
Ex. Consistent results

Question 31

Validity

Answer 31

Ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure

Ex. A test on dogs really does test dogs

Question 32

Sublimation

Answer 32

Redirecting unmet desires are unacceptable impulses into acceptable activities
Ex. Re channeling sexual desires into school work arts or sports

Question 33

Denial

Answer 33

Protecting oneself from an unpleasant reality by refusing to perceive it
Ex. Alcoholics refusing to admit to their addiction

Question 34

Rationalization

Answer 34

Substituting socially excepted will reasons for unacceptable ones
Ex. Justifying cheating by saying everyone’s doing it

Question 35

ReAction formation

Answer 35

Refusing to knowledge unacceptable urges thoughts or feelings by exaggerating the opposite state
Ex. Joining a group against gays when you’re actually gay

Question 36

Regression

Answer 36

Responding to a threatening situation in a way appropriate to an earlier age or level development
Ex. Throwing a tantrum when things don’t go your way

Question 37

Displacement

Answer 37

Redirecting impulses towards a less threatening person or object
Ex. Yelling at your brother after work bc your boss sucks