Chapter 12 vocab. (all sections)

Question 1

Majority

Answer 1

More than half

Question 2

Suffrage

Answer 2

The right to vote

Question 3

Whigs

Answer 3

Formed in 1834, formerly known as the National Republicans, wanted the federal government to control the economy, included eastern business people, former Federalists, and southern planters

Question 4

Democrats

Answer 4

Jackson and his supporters, included factory workers in the East, and frontier farmers

Question 5

Caucus

Answer 5

Private meeting

Question 6

Nominating convention

Answer 6

Party where delegates from all states chose the political party’s candidate to run for president

Question 7

Alexis de Tocqueville

Answer 7

From France, known for his observations on American democracy

Question 8

Old Hickory

Answer 8

Name for Jackson by the soldiers that served under him because he was tough

Question 9

Spoils system

Answer 9

The practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs

Question 10

Kitchen cabinet

Answer 10

Jackson’s unofficial cabinet because his real cabinet was not qualified (only Martin Van Buren was a good cabinet member)

Question 11

Nicholas Biddle

Answer 11

President of the Bank of the United States since 1823, disliked by Jackson

Question 12

Pet banks

Answer 12

Banks that the money was put in instead of the national bank, called pet banks because Roger Taney (Secretary of Treasury) and his friends controlled them

Question 13

Tariff of Abominations

Answer 13

Highest tariff in the nation’s history, protected manufacturers, but hurt Southern planters

Question 14

Nullification

Answer 14

The right to cancel a law that is considered unconstitutional

Question 15

States’ rights

Answer 15

The right of states to limit the power of the federal government

Question 16

Secede

Answer 16

Withdraw

Question 17

Nullification Crisis

Answer 17

The period of time when South Carolina threatened to leave the union and passed the Nullification Act

Question 18

Sequoyah

Answer 18

Created a written alphabet for the Cherokees in 1821

Question 19

Indian Removal Act

Answer 19

The law that made Indians move to the west of the Mississippi River because white settlers wanted to settle in the Indians’ original land because they found gold there

Question 20

Trail of Tears

Answer 20

The route that the Indians walked on while leaving their lands and going to new lands west of the Mississippi River

Question 21

Chief Osceola

Answer 21

Led the Seminole Indians in the Seminole War from 1835 to 1842

Question 22

Seminole War

Answer 22

The Seminole Indians resisted removal in Florida and fought the United States Army, costliest war waged by the United States to get Indian lands (spent around 20 million in the war effort), more than 1,500 soldiers died

Question 23

Martin Van Buren

Answer 23

8th president, took oath of office in March 1837, was a politician and not a war hero

Question 24

Panic of 1837

Answer 24

Worst economic crisis that the USA had encountered by that time, caused by the many acres of public land that the government had sold in the west, speculators bought a lot of the land and ran out of money, so borrowed money from the pet banks and caused many to close

Question 25

Speculators

Answer 25

People invested in risky ventures in hope of making a large profit

Question 26

Depression

Answer 26

A period of time when business decline and many people lost their jobs

Question 27

Laissez faire

Answer 27

French for “let alone”, used to describe how people leave the economy alone

Question 28

William Henry Harrison

Answer 28

9th president, from Ohio, known as the hero of the Battle of Tippecanoe, died in office and his Vice President John Tyler took over, Whig, presented as a humble farmer but was really a wealthy and educated man

Question 29

Mudslinging

Answer 29

The use of insults to attack an opponent’s reputation

Question 30

John Tyler

Answer 30

10th president, first Vice President to take office after the President died, did not live up to Whig expectations, vetoed bill to recharter the Bank

Question 31

John Quincy Adams

Answer 31

Graduate of Harvard, 6th president, candidate in the 1824 presidential election, former Republican, son of Abigail and John Adams, was supported in New England