Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Chapter 1 Brief History > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Brief History Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Leeuwenhoek

A
  • dutch scientist
  • made/used simple microscopes
  • discovered “animalcules” aka microorganisms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Carolus Linnaeus

A
  • developed TAXONOMIC SYSTEM
  • grouped similar organisms by similar characteristics
  • created 6 categories
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

6 Categories for Microorganisms

A 
1 Bacteria [Pro]
2 Archea [Pro]
3 Fungi [Euk]
4 Protazoa [Euk]
5 Algae + Plants [Euk]
6 Small multicellular animals [Euk]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Prokaryotes

A

“pro” - primitive; “karyote” - nucleus

  • unicellular; lacks a nuclei and most organelles
  • much smaller than eukaryotes
  • found wherever there’s enough moisture
  • reproduce asexually (binary fission)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Eukaryote

A

“euk” - true; “karyote” - nucleus

  • have nucleus w nuclear membrane
  • internal membrane-bound organelles
  • larger than prokaryotes
  • sexual + nonsex reproduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

2 types of Prokaryotes

A 
1 Bacteria (cell walls w/PEPTIDOGLYCAN)
2 Archaea (no peptidoglycan; other POLYMERS)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how do prokaryotes reproduce?

A

asexually; binary fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Archaea

A
  • type of prokaryote
  • cells walls contain polymers but NOT peptidoglycan
  • lives in very harsh environments
  • don’t infect humans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

4 types of Eukaryotes

A

1 Fungi
2 Protazoa
3 Algae + plants
4 small multicellular animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

2 types of Fungi

A

Molds + Yeast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fungi

A
  • has membrane bound nucleus
  • obtain food fr other organisms
  • possess cell walls
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Molds

A
  • fungi
  • multicellular
  • filamentous (grows really long; hairy)
  • sexual/asexual spores for reproduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Yeasts

A
  • fungi
  • unicellular
  • budding/sexual spores for reproduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Protozoa

A
  • eukaryote
  • unicellular
  • lives in water/sometimes animals
  • mostly asexual reproduction
  • mostly capable of locomotion by pseudopodia, cilia, flagella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Protozoa Locomotion

A

pseudopodia
cilia
flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Algae

A
  • eukaryotes
  • unicellular or multicellular
  • photosynthetic aka AUTOTROPHS
  • simple reproductive structures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Autotroph

A

-organism that can synthesize its own food/ATP by utilizing soil or sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Parasitic Worms

A

-multicellular eukaryotes

-

19
Q

Virus

A
  • not an organism/cell
  • infectious agent
  • can only survive in other cells
20
Q

2 types of Virus

A

Naked Virus - surrounded by protective protein coat [CAPSID]

Enveloped Virus - contains an additional membrane surrounding the capsid

21
Q

Bacteriophage

A
  • type of virus that infects bacteria
  • virus injects their RNA into bacterial cell
  • virus uses bacteria’s organelles to replicate itself
22
Q

Fermentation

A

bacteria > acid

yeasts > alcohol

23
Q

Pasteur

A

germ theory of disease

24
Q

Robert Koch

A
  • causative agents of disease

- studied anthrax

25
Q

Koch’s Postulates

A

1 causative agent must be found in every case of the disease and absent in healthy hosts
2 agent must be isolated and grown in pure culture
3 disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the agent is introduced to a healthy/susceptible host
3 agent must be recoverable from the experimental host

26
Q

Hans Christian Gram

A
  • gram staining technique

- selective + differential stain (allows us to distinguish bw two groups of bacteria based on their cell wall

27
Q

Semmelweis

A
  • hand-washing

- decreased incidence of puerperal fever

28
Q

Lister

A

antiseptic technique in surgery

29
Q

Nightingale

A

nursing

30
Q

Microbial Genetics

A

study how microbes become more virulent

-transfer virulent genes

31
Q

Molecular Biology

A

learning how microbes operate and how their cells function

32
Q

Recombinant DNA technology

A
  • manipulates genes in microbes for practical applications

- synthesis of insulin using E.Coli

33
Q

Gene Therapy

A

inserting missing gene or repairing defective ones in humans

34
Q

Bioremediation

A
  • using living bacteria, fungi, and algae to detoxify polluted environments
  • recycles carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur
35
Q

Serology

A
  • studying of blood serum

- analyze components and chemicals that fight infection

36
Q

Serum vs Plasma

A

serum doesn’t contain fibrinogen; plasma does

37
Q

Immunology

A

study of body’s defense against pathogens

38
Q

Chemotherapy

A
  • chem put into body to fight microbes
  • Flemings discovered penicillin
  • Domagk discovered sulfa drugs
39
Q

Defense against disease

A

1 serology
2 immunology
3 chemotherapy

40
Q

3 Domains of Microorganisms

A

1 Bacteria
2 Archaea
3 Eukaryotes

41
Q

Binary Fission

A

non-sexual reproduction

42
Q

Chemotrophs

A

organisms that obtain energy by the oxidation of electron donors in their environments.

ex) sulfur-oxidizing bacteria

43
Q

Heterotrophs

A

an organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances.

Microbiology (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions