BACTERIA Flashcards

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1
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A
  • causes cutaneous anthrax + inhalational anthrax

- makes endospores

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2
Q

Bordetella pertussis

A

whooping cough

-tdap

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3
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

A
  • causes lyme disease
  • spirochete

VF-use of manganese instead of iron circumvents host defense
–acoids detection by altering membrane proteins

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4
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

A

cause bacterial gastroenteritis: CAMPYLOBACTER DIARRHEA

  • most common cause of diarrhea that sends ppl to dr in US
  • associated w poultry
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5
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

various strains cause infection of lymph nodes, conjunctiva, + lungs
-most common reportable bacterial std in US

-developmental cycle (biphasic)

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6
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A
causes botulism (flaccid paralysis)
-different strains produce 1 of 7 toxins
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7
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

case antimicrobial-associated diarrhea

  • antimicrobial use facilitates germination of endospores + overgrowth of C. difficile
  • member of human intestinal microbiota that can cause life-threatening disease
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8
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A
  • causes gas gangrene
  • makes endospores
  • secretes 11 toxins
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9
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

causes tetanus

-makes endospores that releases tetanospasmin

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10
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheria

A

causes diptheria

-produces diptheria toxin

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11
Q

Escherichia Coli

A

-causes most cases bacterial UTI

VF-flagella + attachment fimbriae

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12
Q

Haemophilus influenza

A

-top 3 cause of bacterial

G-
pleomorphic rods

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13
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

cause peptic ulcers

-numerous virulence factors

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14
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

-causes bacterial meningitis

G+
rod-shaped
foodborne(contaminated food)

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15
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

causes TB

  • presence of mycolic acid gives unique features
  • remains viable for long time in aerosol drops
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16
Q

Neisseria gonorrhea

A
  • gonorrhea only occurs in humans
  • opthalma neonatorum in newborns born vaginally fr mothers infected w gonorrhea

attach to epithelial cells
-urethra in M, cervix in w

treated w cephalosporins

17
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

meningitis

  • epidemic meningitis in college freshman
  • top 3 cause of bacterial

G-
diplococci
capsule
fimbriae

18
Q

Plasmodium falciparum

A
  • causes most severe malaria
  • endemic throughout tropics + subtropics
  • prevention requires control of mosquitos
19
Q

Propionibacterium acnes

A

-causes acne

G+
rod shaped diptheroids

20
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A
  • causes pseudomonas infection
  • found in soil, decaying matter, moist environments
  • rarely part of the microbiota
  • difficult to treat bc multidrug resistance
  • widespread but infections usually don’t occur in healthy individuals
21
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

1 causes most Impetigo [Pyoderma] + Erysipelas
2 causes bacterial food poisoning
3 staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome

22
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis

A

q

23
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS – Group B Strep)

A
  • leading cause of meningitis in newborns
  • acquired during birth

G+
diplococci

24
Q

Streptococcus mutans

A

cause dental caries

-dextran + pili allow biofilm formation on tooth

25
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

1 meningitis (in v young + old, top 3 cause)
2 sinusitis + otitis media
3 pneumococcal pneumonia

-present in throat of 75% of humans

G-
diplococci

26
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

[Group A Strep]

A

causes some of Impetigo [Pyoderma] + Erysipelas, streptococcal pharyngitis [strep throat]

G+
coccus in chains

27
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

syphilis

  • lives only in humans
  • sometimes transmitted mother to child during pregnancy
  • tertiary syphilis is difficult to diagnose
28
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

cause trichomoniasis

  • most common curable std in women
  • prevented by avoiding sex w infected person
29
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

virulence factors

A
  • adhesins
  • toxins
  • polysaccharide capsules
30
Q

Staph. aureus

virulence factors

A

1 M protein
2 hyaluronic acid
3 pyrogenic toxin

5 enterotoxins (in bact. food. poisoning, released in food, no taste change)

31
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

virulence factors

A
1 M protein
2 hyaluronic acid capsule 
3 pyrogenic toxin
4 C5a peptidase
5 streptolysins
6 pyrogenic toxins
7 streptokinases
32
Q

Viridians streptococci

A

causes half of endocarditis

-prevalent in tongue + teeth

33
Q

Plasmodium falciparum

virulence factors

A

adhesins - allows RBC to adhere to certain tissues

merozoites form w/in vesicles + avoid detection

reproductive cycle hides parasite

changes in body chem attract other mosquitos

34
Q

Helicobacter pylori

virulence factors

A
1 flagella (burrows thru stomach lining)
2 adhesins (attcmt to gastric cells)
3 urease (neutrlz stomach acid)
4 toxins (damage gastric mucosa)
35
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

virulence factors

A

VF cause bleeding lesions + inflammation

-adhesin, cytotoxin, + endotoxin

36
Q

Clostridium difficile

virulence factors

A
  • produces 2 toxins (mediates inflammation + pseudomembrane formation)
  • multiple antibiotic resistance
37
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

developmental cycle

A

-biphasic

1 elementary bodies are the infective nonproductive form
2 reticulate bodies are the non-infective reproductive form