Chap. 6 Flashcards
Features in all Cells
- Plasma membrane
- Cystol
- Chromosomes
- Ribosomes
- Cytoplasma
DNA in Eukaryotic Cell
In the nucleus, bounded by double membrane
DNA in Prokaryotic Cell
In the nucleoid, not membrane-enclosed
Prokaryotic Cell Components
- Fimbriae
- Nucleoid
- Ribosomes
- Plasma membrane
- Cell wall
- Glycocalyx
- Flagella
- Cytoplasm
Prokaryotic Cells
- Bacteria
- Archea
Animal Cell Components
- Nucleus- Nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin
- Endoplasmic reticulum- Rought ER, Smooth ER
- Plasma Membrane
- Ribosomes
- Golgi apparatus
- Mitochondrion
- Peroxisome
- Cytoskeleton- Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules
- Microvilli
- Lysosome
- Centrosome
- Flagellum
Plant Cell Components
- Nucleus-Nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin
- Endoplasmic reticulum- Rought ER, Smooth ER
- Plasma membrane
- Ribosomes
- Golgi apparatus
- Mitochondrion
- Peroxisome
- Cytoskeleton- Microfilaments, microtubules
- Central vacuole
- Chloroplast
- Plasmodesmata
- Cell wall
Endomembrane System Components
- Nuclear envelope
- ED
- Golgi apparatus
- Lysosome
- Vesicles + vacuoles
- Plasma membrane
Endomembrane System Funtions
- Carries out protein synthesis
- Protein transport into organelles out of cell
- Metabolism
- Movement of lipids
- Detoxification of poisons
Light Microscope (1)
- Plants + Animals cells
- Nucleus
- Bacteria
- Mitochondrion
Super Resolution (2)
- Bacteria
- Virus + Ribosomes
Electron Microscope (3)
- Proteins + Lipids
Functions of Smooth ER
- Synthesis of lipids
- Metabolism of carbohydrates
- Detoxification of drugs and poisons
- Storage of calcium ions.
Functions of Rough ER
- Secretory proteins
- Membrane factory
Endomembrane System Pathway
- (RER)- Protein systensis
- Vesicles- transport from ER
- Golgi Apparatus- Vesicle travel through cytoplasm to GA + modified and sorted + delivered
- Lysosome- waste is transported to be broken down
Why does EM have greater Mag.?
Uses beams of electrons that have shorter wavelength than visible light
Mitochondria + Chloroplasts
Have own genetic material (DNA) and ribosomes, allowing them to synthesize some of their own proteins
Protein Synthesis in Eukaryotes + Prokaryotes
P- Both Transcription + Translation happens at the same time in cytoplasm
E- Transcription happens in the nucleus + Translation happens in cytoplasm
Transcription
- DNA is transcribed into protein
1. RNA binds to genes so it can read and bases
2. Addition of Uracil nucelotide
3. mRNA sequence is complete + detaches from DNA
Translation
- mRNA is translated into protein (in ribosome)
1. Ribosomal subunit binds to start of mRNA sequence
2. Ribosomes translate each codon in turn
3. Ribosome reaches stop codon, making a new polypeptide chain
Tay-sacs Disease
Genetic condition that kills nerve cells. Caused by the absence of an enzyme that helps break down fatty substances.
