Chap. 15 (Vocab) Flashcards

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1
Q

Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

A

Genes are located on chromosomes and behavior of chromosomes during meiosis explains the patterns of inheritance

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2
Q

Sex-linked Gene

A

Genes located in either sex chromosome

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3
Q

X-linked Genes

A

Genes on X chromosome

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4
Q

Y-linked Genes

A

Genes on Y chromosome
- Only a few

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5
Q

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

A

Weakening of muscle + loss of coordination

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6
Q

Hemophilia

A

Absence of proteins required for blood clotting
- When person is injured, bleeding is prolonged

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7
Q

Barr Body

A

Condensed + inactive X chromosome found in the cells of female mammals
- In innerside of nuclear envelope

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8
Q

Mosaic

A

Some cells have a normal genetic code while others carry a mutation, often resulting from an error in early cell division

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9
Q

Linked Genes

A

Genes located on same chromosome + are usually inherited together

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10
Q

Genetic Recombination

A

Genetic material is exchanged between organisms, resulting in offspring with new combinations of traits that differ from both parents

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11
Q

Parental Types

A

Offspring that inherit a combination of traits that exactly match one of the two parents

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12
Q

Recombinant Types

A

Offspring or individuals that possess a combination of alleles (genetic traits) that are different from either parent
- Result of genetic recombination

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13
Q

Genetic Map

A

Genetic loci along a chromosome

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14
Q

Linkage Map

A

Chromosomal map based on recombination frequencies

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15
Q

Map Units

A

Distance between genes based on recombination frequency
- 1 unit = 1% recombination frequency

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16
Q

Nondisjunction

A

Failure of the chromosomes to separate, which produces daughter cells with abnormal numbers of chromosomes (more than normal)

17
Q

Aneuploidy

A

Abnormality in the number of chromosomes in a cell due to loss or duplication
- more or less

18
Q

Monosomic

A

Only has one copy of a particular chromosome, instead of the usual two copies found in a pair
- X and I

19
Q

Trisomic

A

Presence of an extra chromosome — or three instead of the usual pair
- X X and I

20
Q

Polyploidy

A

Organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes in its cells

21
Q

Duplication

A

Segment of DNA is copied, resulting in multiple identical copies of a gene within an organism’s genome

22
Q

Inversion

A

Segment of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches in the reversed direction

23
Q

Translocation

A

Piece of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome

24
Q

Genomic Imprinting

A

Copy of a gene is expressed while other is supressed