Chap. 5 (Vocab) Flashcards
Carbohydrates
Sugar molecules, or polymers of sugar
Protein
Molecule made up of chains of amino acids
Nucleic Acid
Molecule made up of nucleotides (DNA and RNA)
Lipis
- Molecule that does not mix with water; nonpolar (Not polymer or macromolecule)
- Sex hormones + testosterone
Macromolecule
Giant molecule made by covalent bond of monomers
Monomer
Single molecules
Polymer
Long molecule made of monomers joined by covalent bond
Enzyme
Protein that speeds up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy (Acts as catalyst)
Catalyst
Chemical agent that increases rate of reaction w/o being consumed by reaction
Condensation Reaction
2 molecules combine to form 1 molecule; with loss of small molecule (Monomer + Monomer= Polymer)
Dehydration Reaction
2 molecules covalently bond to each other by removal of water molecule
Hydrolisis
Reaction that breaks bonds between 2 molecules by addition of water
Monosaccharide
- Sugar that canot get any simpler
- Not Macromolecule
Disaccharide
Double sugar, 2 monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkage formed by dehydration reactoion
Glycosidic Linkage
Covalent bond formed between 2 monosaccharide by dehydration reaction
Polysaccharide
Polymer of many monosaccharide formed by glycosidic linkage
Starch
- Long chains of glucose molecules
- stores energy in plants
Glycogen
- Carbohydrate that stores energy in body; stores in liver cell + muscle
- Stores glucose + sugar
Cellulose
- Long chains of glucose molecules
- Structure of cell wall
Chitin
- Made of amino sugar monomers
- Component in fungal cell wall + exoskeleton of arthropods- hard + crunchy