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Biology I > Chap. 5 (Vocab) > Flashcards

Chap. 5 (Vocab) Flashcards

1
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Sugar molecules, or polymers of sugar

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2
Q

Protein

A

Molecule made up of chains of amino acids

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3
Q

Nucleic Acid

A

Molecule made up of nucleotides (DNA and RNA)

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4
Q

Lipis

A
  1. Molecule that does not mix with water; nonpolar (Not polymer or macromolecule)
  2. Sex hormones + testosterone
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5
Q

Macromolecule

A

Giant molecule made by covalent bond of monomers

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6
Q

Monomer

A

Single molecules

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7
Q

Polymer

A

Long molecule made of monomers joined by covalent bond

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8
Q

Enzyme

A

Protein that speeds up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy (Acts as catalyst)

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9
Q

Catalyst

A

Chemical agent that increases rate of reaction w/o being consumed by reaction

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10
Q

Condensation Reaction

A

2 molecules combine to form 1 molecule; with loss of small molecule (Monomer + Monomer= Polymer)

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11
Q

Dehydration Reaction

A

2 molecules covalently bond to each other by removal of water molecule

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12
Q

Hydrolisis

A

Reaction that breaks bonds between 2 molecules by addition of water

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13
Q

Monosaccharide

A
  1. Sugar that canot get any simpler
  2. Not Macromolecule
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14
Q

Disaccharide

A

Double sugar, 2 monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkage formed by dehydration reactoion

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15
Q

Glycosidic Linkage

A

Covalent bond formed between 2 monosaccharide by dehydration reaction

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16
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Polymer of many monosaccharide formed by glycosidic linkage

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17
Q

Starch

A
  1. Long chains of glucose molecules
  2. stores energy in plants
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18
Q

Glycogen

A
  1. Carbohydrate that stores energy in body; stores in liver cell + muscle
  2. Stores glucose + sugar
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19
Q

Cellulose

A
  1. Long chains of glucose molecules
  2. Structure of cell wall
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20
Q

Chitin

A
  1. Made of amino sugar monomers
  2. Component in fungal cell wall + exoskeleton of arthropods- hard + crunchy
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21
Q

Alpha

A
  1. 2 carbons have same stereochemistry
  2. -OH is on the bottom
22
Q

Beta

A
  1. 2 Carbons have different stereochemistry
  2. -OH is on top
23
Q

Fatty Acid

A

Carboxyl group attached to carbon skeleton

24
Q

Fat

A

Lipid made of 3 fatty acids linked to 1 glycerol molecule

25
Q

Saturated Fatty Acid

A

Fatty acid with no double bonds in its tail

26
Q

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

A

Fat acid with double bonds in its tail (making it slightly fall down)

27
Q

Trans Fat

A

Unsaturated fat that goes through hydrogenation

28
Q

Hydrogenation

A

Process that creates trans fats by adding hydrogen to oil to make it more solid

29
Q

Phospholipids

A
  1. Polar lipids made of 2 fatty acids + phosphate group+ glycerol
  2. Structure for cell membrane
30
Q

Steroids

A

Carbon skeleton made of 4 fused rings (cholesterol)

31
Q

Cholesterol

A

Fat-like substance made in the liver; precursor for the synthesis of other compounds

32
Q

Polypeptide

A

Polymer of many amino acids linked by peptide bonds

33
Q

Peptide Bond

A

Bond that joins two amino acids together to form proteins

34
Q

Denaturation

A
  1. Process where protein loses its shape due to disruption of weak chemical bonds + interactions becoming inactive
  2. Breaks weak bonds (hydrogen + Van der Waals)
35
Q

Sickle-cell Disease

A

an inherited blood disorder that causes red blood cells to become abnormally shaped and sticky

36
Q

X-Ray Crystallography

A

Technique used to study 3D structure of molecules

37
Q

Polynucleotide

A

Polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers in a chain

38
Q

Nucleotides

A

Building blocks for nucleid acids

39
Q

Pyrimide

A

1 6-membered ring of carbon + 1-3 Phosphate groups

40
Q

Purine

A

Types of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides

41
Q

Deoxyribose

A

Sugar component of DNA (Fewer hydroxyl than RNA)

42
Q

Ribose

A

Sugar component in RNA

43
Q

Double Helix

A

2 antiparallel strands

44
Q

Antiparallel

A

Arrangement of sugar-phosphate backbones in DNA helix

45
Q

Synthesis

A
  1. Build up process (build polymers)
  2. Consumes energy
46
Q

Amino Acids

A

Organic molecules with amino + carboxyl groups

47
Q

Aldoses

A

Sugar with carbonyl group slanted at the end

48
Q

Ketoses

A

Sugar with carbonyl group straight in the middle

49
Q

Glucose

A

Monosaccharide; carbohydrate

50
Q

a Helix

A
  1. Carbonyl to Oxygen bonding (C=O to O)
  2. Coiled structure
51
Q

B Pleated Sheet

A
  1. Amino Hydrogen to Carbonyl Oxygen (N-H to C=O)
  2. ZIg-Zag structure
52
Q

Hydrolyze

A

Break down chemical reaction with water

Biology I (28 decks)

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