Chap. 10 (Vocab)

Question 1

Photosynthesis

Answer 1

Conversion of light energy to chemical energy stored in sugars

Question 2

Autotrophs

Answer 2

Produce their own food using sunlight or chemical energy

Question 3

Heterotrophs

Answer 3

Consume other organisms to obtain their food, meaning they cannot make their own food

Question 4

Chroloplast

Answer 4

Perform photosynthesis

Question 5

Mesophyll

Answer 5

Internal tissue of a plant leaf

Question 6

Stomata

Answer 6

Tiny pores on the surface of plant leaves

Question 7

Stroma

Answer 7

Fluid outside thylakoid containing ribosomes + DNA

Question 8

Thylakoid

Answer 8

Flat, membranous sac inside a chloroplast. Convert light energy into chemical energy

Question 9

Granum

Answer 9

Stack that makes up thylakoids

Question 10

Chlorophyll

Answer 10

Green pigment in thylakoid

Question 11

Light Reactions

Answer 11

Sunlight energy captured by chlorophyll convert it into chemical energy stored as ATP and NADPH

Question 12

Calvin Cycle

Answer 12

Second stage where carbon dioxide is converted into sugar molecules (glucose) using energy from ATP and NADPH within the stroma of the chloroplast

Question 13

NADPH

Answer 13

Reduced form of NADP that stores electrons produced during light reactions

Question 14

Photophosphorylation

Answer 14

Generation of ATP from ADP + phosphate by chemiosmosis

Question 15

Carbon Fixation

Answer 15

Convert inorganic carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into organic compounds (sugar)

Question 16

Wavelength

Answer 16

Distance between crests of waves

Question 17

Crest

Answer 17

Highest point of a wave

Question 18

Visible Light

Answer 18

Portion of spectrum that can be detected by the human eye

Question 18

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Answer 18

Spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

Question 19

Photons

Answer 19

Single particle of light energy absorbed by chlorophyll molecules

Question 20

Pigments

Answer 20

Substances that absorb light

Question 21

Spectophotometer

Answer 21

Measure of light absorbed at specific wavelengths

Question 22

Absorption Spectrum

Answer 22

Describes the wavelengths absorbed, shows which colors of light are most effectively captured

Question 23

Chlorophyll a

Answer 23

Absorbs blue-violet light + reflects green

Question 24

Chlorophyll b

Answer 24

Absorbs red light + reflects green
-Collects energy and passes to a

Question 25

Action Spectrum

Answer 25

How effective different wavelengths are at producing a biological response

Question 26

Carotenoids

Answer 26

Pigments responsible for yellow, orange, and red colors

Question 27

Photosystem

Answer 27

Protein in thylakoid that absorbs light energy and transfers it to electrons

Question 28

Reaction-center Complex

Answer 28

Protein that acts as the primary site for converting light energy into chemical energy by initiating process of electron transfer

Question 29

Light Harvesting Complex

Answer 29

Proteins that absorb light energy from the sun and transfer it to the reaction center of a photosystem

Question 30

Primary Electron Acceptor

Answer 30

Molecule that accepts electrons and is reduced

Question 31

Photosystem I

Answer 31

Protein in thylakoid membrane that uses the electrons from PS II to make NADPH

Question 32

Photosystem II

Answer 32

Protein in thylakoid membrane that splits water molecules to release oxygen and provides electrons to PS I

Question 33

Linear Electron Flow

Answer 33

Electrons are passed from one molecule to another in a linear pathway, converting light energy into chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH

Question 34

Cyclic Electron Flow

Answer 34

Electrons are recycled around PS I making ATP
- only uses PS I

Question 35

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)

Answer 35

• 3-carbon carbohydrate
• Direct product from Calvin Cycle

Question 36

Rubisco

Answer 36

Enzyme that catalyzes attachment of CO2 to a 5-carbon sugar

Question 37

Potorespiration

Answer 37

Enzyme RuBisCO uses ATP and accidentally binds to oxygen instead of carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, leading to the release of carbon dioxide and a loss of fixed carbon

Question 38

Bundle Seath Cells

Answer 38

Cells that form tightly packed layer around veins in leaf

Question 39

PEP Carboxylase

Answer 39

Enzyme crucial for carbon fixation in C4

Question 40

CAM

Answer 40

Photosynthesis where plants open their stomata at night to collect carbon dioxide and store it as an acid and use it during the day for photosynthesis when their stomata are closed to minimize water loss