Chap. 2 (Vocab)

Question 1

Compound

Answer 1

Atoms joined by bond; substance of 2 or more different elements combined

Question 2

Matter

Answer 2

Anything that takes up space + has mass

Question 3

Elements

Answer 3

Any substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance

Question 4

Essential Elements

Answer 4

Chemical element required for an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce

Question 5

Trace Elements

Answer 5

Indispensable element for life but required in extremely minimum amounts

Question 6

Atom

Answer 6

Smallest unit of matter (properties of elements)

Question 7

Subatomic Particle

Answer 7

Particles in an atom that form its structure

Question 8

Proton

Answer 8

A single positive charge

Question 9

Electron

Answer 9

A single negative charge

Question 10

Atomic Nucleus

Answer 10

An atom’s central core made of protons and neutrons

Question 11

Neutron

Answer 11

No electrical charge

Question 12

Dalton

Answer 12

Measure of mass for atom and subatomic particles (atomic mass/ AMU)

Question 13

Atomic Number

Answer 13

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 14

Mass Number

Answer 14

Total number of protons + neutrons in nucleus of atom

Question 15

Isotopes

Answer 15

element with = number of protons and different numbers of neutrons

Question 16

Radioactive Isotope

Answer 16

Isotope that is unstable, nucleus decays and gives off energy

Question 17

Half-life

Answer 17

Amount of time it takes 50% of a radioactive isotope to decay

Question 18

Radiometric Dating

Answer 18

Method to determine age of rocks/fossils based on half-life of R. Isotopes

Question 19

Energy

Answer 19

Capacity to cause change

Question 20

Potential Energy

Answer 20

Energy stored with potential to be released

Question 21

Kinetic Energy

Answer 21

Energy in motion and being used for movement

Question 22

Electron shell

Answer 22

Energy level of electrons at an average distance from the nucleus of an atom

Question 23

Valence Electrons

Answer 23

Electron in outermost electron shell

Question 24

Valence Shell

Answer 24

Outermost energy shell of atom

Question 25

Orbital

Answer 25

3D approximation of where electron is found in valence shell

Question 26

Chemical Bonds

Answer 26

Attraction between 2 atoms

Question 27

Covelant Bonds

Answer 27

Strong chemical bond where atoms share PAIRS of valence electrons

Question 28

Single Bond

Answer 28

Single covalent bond; sharing pair of valence electrons by 2 atoms

Question 29

Lewis Dot Structure

Answer 29

Electron distribution of electron sharing; DOts represent valence electrons

Question 30

Structural Formula

Answer 30

Line represents pair of shared valence electrons

Question 31

Double Bond

Answer 31

Double covalent bond; sharing of 2 pairs of valence electrons by 2 atoms

Question 32

Electronegativity

Answer 32

2 atoms participating in a covalent bond; The more elect. an atom the stronger it pulls electrons

Question 33

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

Answer 33

Electrons are shared equally between 2 atoms of similar electroneg.

Question 34

Polar Covalent Bond

Answer 34

Electrons are shared unequally between atoms/ diff. electroneg. ; SHared electron is pulled closer to the more electneg.

Question 35

Ions

Answer 35

Group/atom that has gained or loss 1 or more electrons

Question 36

Cation

Answer 36

Positively charged ion

Question 37

Anion

Answer 37

Negatively charged ion

Question 38

Ionic Bond

Answer 38

Attraction between 2 oppositely charged ions= Chemical Bond ++-=x

Question 39

Ionic Compound (Salts)

Answer 39

Compound resulting from formation of an ionic bond

Question 40

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 40

Weak chemical bond formed when positive hydro. atom of a Polar CB. in one molecule is attracted to a negative atom of a Polar CB in another molecule

Question 41

Von Der Woals Interactions

Answer 41

Weak interactions between molecules (when atoms + molecules are close together)

Question 42

Chemical Reactions

Answer 42

Making/ Breaking of chemical bonds bonds, leading to change in composition of matter

Question 43

Chemical Equilibrium

Answer 43

In chemical reaction, state where rate of forward reaction = rate of reverse reaction

Question 44

Equilibrium

Answer 44

Products and reactant concentrations have stabilized at a ratio (ex. Decomposes as fast as it forms.)

Question 45

Valence

Answer 45

Covalent bonding capacity between atoms