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Biology I > Chap. 2 (Vocab) > Flashcards

Chap. 2 (Vocab) Flashcards

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1
Q

Compound

A

Atoms joined by bond; substance of 2 or more different elements combined

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2
Q

Matter

A

Anything that takes up space + has mass

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3
Q

Elements

A

Any substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance

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4
Q

Essential Elements

A

Chemical element required for an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce

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5
Q

Trace Elements

A

Indispensable element for life but required in extremely minimum amounts

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6
Q

Atom

A

Smallest unit of matter (properties of elements)

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7
Q

Subatomic Particle

A

Particles in an atom that form its structure

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8
Q

Proton

A

A single positive charge

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9
Q

Electron

A

A single negative charge

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10
Q

Atomic Nucleus

A

An atom’s central core made of protons and neutrons

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11
Q

Neutron

A

No electrical charge

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12
Q

Dalton

A

Measure of mass for atom and subatomic particles (atomic mass/ AMU)

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13
Q

Atomic Number

A

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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14
Q

Mass Number

A

Total number of protons + neutrons in nucleus of atom

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15
Q

Isotopes

A

element with = number of protons and different numbers of neutrons

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16
Q

Radioactive Isotope

A

Isotope that is unstable, nucleus decays and gives off energy

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17
Q

Half-life

A

Amount of time it takes 50% of a radioactive isotope to decay

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18
Q

Radiometric Dating

A

Method to determine age of rocks/fossils based on half-life of R. Isotopes

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19
Q

Energy

A

Capacity to cause change

20
Q

Potential Energy

A

Energy stored with potential to be released

21
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

Energy in motion and being used for movement

22
Q

Electron shell

A

Energy level of electrons at an average distance from the nucleus of an atom

23
Q

Valence Electrons

A

Electron in outermost electron shell

24
Q

Valence Shell

A

Outermost energy shell of atom

25
Q

Orbital

A

3D approximation of where electron is found in valence shell

26
Q

Chemical Bonds

A

Attraction between 2 atoms

27
Q

Covelant Bonds

A

Strong chemical bond where atoms share PAIRS of valence electrons

28
Q

Single Bond

A

Single covalent bond; sharing pair of valence electrons by 2 atoms

29
Q

Lewis Dot Structure

A

Electron distribution of electron sharing; DOts represent valence electrons

30
Q

Structural Formula

A

Line represents pair of shared valence electrons

31
Q

Double Bond

A

Double covalent bond; sharing of 2 pairs of valence electrons by 2 atoms

32
Q

Electronegativity

A

2 atoms participating in a covalent bond; The more elect. an atom the stronger it pulls electrons

33
Q

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

A

Electrons are shared equally between 2 atoms of similar electroneg.

34
Q

Polar Covalent Bond

A

Electrons are shared unequally between atoms/ diff. electroneg. ; SHared electron is pulled closer to the more electneg.

35
Q

Ions

A

Group/atom that has gained or loss 1 or more electrons

36
Q

Cation

A

Positively charged ion

37
Q

Anion

A

Negatively charged ion

38
Q

Ionic Bond

A

Attraction between 2 oppositely charged ions= Chemical Bond
++-=x

39
Q

Ionic Compound (Salts)

A

Compound resulting from formation of an ionic bond

40
Q

Hydrogen Bond

A

Weak chemical bond formed when positive hydro. atom of a Polar CB. in one molecule is attracted to a negative atom of a Polar CB in another molecule

41
Q

Von Der Woals Interactions

A

Weak interactions between molecules (when atoms + molecules are close together)

42
Q

Chemical Reactions

A

Making/ Breaking of chemical bonds bonds, leading to change in composition of matter

43
Q

Chemical Equilibrium

A

In chemical reaction, state where rate of forward reaction = rate of reverse reaction

44
Q

Equilibrium

A

Products and reactant concentrations have stabilized at a ratio (ex. Decomposes as fast as it forms.)

45
Q

Valence

A

Covalent bonding capacity between atoms

Biology I (26 decks)

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