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Biology I > Chap. 12 (Vocab.) > Flashcards

Chap. 12 (Vocab.) Flashcards

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1
Q

Cell Division

A

Reproduction of Cells

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2
Q

Cell Cycle

A

Events in a cell as it grows and divides

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3
Q

Genome

A

Complete set of DNA in an organism

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4
Q

Chromosomes

A

Carries genes made of DNA

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5
Q

Chromatin

A

DNA + proteins that make chromosomes

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6
Q

Somatic Cells

A

All body cells that contain 46 chromosomes

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7
Q

Gamete Cells (Reproductive)

A

Egg and sperm that have 23 chromosomes each

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8
Q

Sister Chromatids

A

(X) Copies of original chromosome with identical DNA

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9
Q

Centromere

A

Region in chromosome where sister chromatids are attached to each other

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10
Q

Mitosis

A

Cell division resulting in 2 identical daughter cells

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11
Q

Meiosis

A

Cell division in reproductive cells results in 4 daughter cells with half of the chromosomes

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12
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Division of cytoplasm

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13
Q

Interphase

A

Cell grows, replicates its chromosomes, and prepares for cell division

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14
Q

G-1 Phase

A

Cell grows + makes organelles

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15
Q

Synthesis Phase

A

Cell copies its DNA

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16
Q

G-2

A

Cell prepares to divide

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17
Q

Prophase

A

Chromatin condenses into visible chromosome

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18
Q

Prometaphase

A

Nuclear membrane breaks apart into many membrane vesicles

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19
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes line up in middle of cell

20
Q

Anaphase

A

Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides of cell

21
Q

Telophase

A

New nuclear envelopes form around 2 chromosomes + cell begins to divide into daughter cells

22
Q

Miotic Phase

A

Phase of cell cycle that includes miosis and cytokinesis

23
Q

Mitotic Spindle

A

Structure responsible for separating replicated chromosomes into two distinct daughter cells by pulling them apart towards opposite poles of the cell during cell division
- Formed in cytoplasm duting prophase

24
Q

Centrosome

A
  1. Cellular structure involved in cell division
  2. It duplicates and 2 centrosomes move to different ends of cell
  3. Contains pair of centriole
  4. Animal cells
25
Q

Kinetochore

A

Structure of proteins attached to centromere that links sister chromatid to miotic spindle

26
Q

Metaphase Plate

A

Imaginary line where chromosomes line up in metaphase

27
Q

Cleavage

A

Cell division that occurs after fertilization

28
Q

Cleavage Furrow

A

Indentation that forms on the surface of an animal cell during cytokinesis (cell division)

29
Q

Cell Plate

A

Structure that forms in the middle of a dividing plant cell, acting as the foundation for the new cell wall that will separate the two daughter cells during cytokinesis

30
Q

Binary Fission

A

Asexual reproduction where a cell splits into two identical daughter cells (prokaryotic cells)

31
Q

Origin of Replication

A

SIte where replication of DNA begins

32
Q

Cell Cycle Control System

A

Protein network that regulates phases of cell cycle

33
Q

Checkpoint

A

Control point in cell cycle where stop and go regulate cycle

34
Q

Cyclin

A

Protein that regulates cell cycle

35
Q

Cyclin-dependent Kinase

A

Protein kinase active only when attached to specific cyclin

36
Q

MPF

A

Protein regulator to transition a cell from the G2 phase into mitosis by phosphorylating various proteins necessary for cell division

37
Q

G0 Phase

A

Resting state where a cell is not actively dividing or preparing to divide

38
Q

Growth Factor

A

Protein released by certain cells that stimulates other cells to divide

39
Q

Density-dependent Inhibition

A

Crowded cells stop dividing

40
Q

Anchorage Dependence

A

Cell must be attached to substrate to initiate cell division

41
Q

Transformation

A

Significant change in a cell’s properties by uptaking new DNA

42
Q

Benign Tumor

A

Stay in their primary location without invading other sites of the body

43
Q

Malignant Tumor

A

Cancerous mass of tissue that grows and spreads uncontrollably

44
Q

Metastasis

A

Spread of cancer cells distant from original site

45
Q

Kinase

A

Enzyme that catalyzes transfer of phosphate group from ATP to a substrate

Biology I (26 decks)

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