Chap. 13 (Vocab)

Question 1

Hereditary

Answer 1

Transmission of genes from parent to offspring

Question 2

Variation

Answer 2

Difference between members of same species

Question 3

Genetics

Answer 3

Study of heredity and inherited variation

Question 4

Genes

Answer 4

Units of specific nucleotide sequence in DNA

Question 5

Gametes

Answer 5

Haploid reproductive cells (egg or sperm) formed by miosis

Question 6

Locus

Answer 6

Specific place in chromosome where gene is located

Question 7

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 7

Generation of offspring from single parent without fusion of gametes
- offspring is genetically identical to parent (amoeba/yeast cell)

Question 8

Clone

Answer 8

Genetically identical cells

Question 9

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 9

New organism is created by combining genetic material from two different individuals

Question 10

Life Cycle

Answer 10

Stages an organism goes through during its lifetime

Question 11

Karyotype

Answer 11

Displays of chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape

Question 12

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 12

Pair of chromosomes, where one chromosome comes from the mother and the other from the father, carrying same genetic information

Question 13

Sex Chromosomes

Answer 13

Chromosome responsible for determining sex of an individual

Question 14

Autosomes

Answer 14

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

Question 15

Diploid Cell

Answer 15

Cell that contains 2 complete sets of chromosomes (46)

Question 16

Haploid Cell

Answer 16

Cell that contains single set of chromosomes (23)

Question 17

Fertilization

Answer 17

Fusion of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote

Question 18

Zygote

Answer 18

Fertilized egg cell due to fusion of female and male gamete

Question 19

Alternation of Generation

Answer 19

Plants alternate between haploid and diploid stages in their life cycle

Question 20

Meiosis I

Answer 20

First division in the process of meiosis where it results in 2 haploid daughter cells

Question 21

Meiosis II

Answer 21

Second division where sister chromatids separate, producing 4 haploid cells

Question 22

Synaptonemal Complex

Answer 22

Protein structure that forms between homologous chromosomes during meiosis

Question 23

Synapsis

Answer 23

Pairing of homologous chromosomes
- Happens in begining of meiosis

Question 24

Synapsis and Crossover

Answer 24

Exchange of genetic material between chromosomes

Question 25

Recombinant Chromosomes

Answer 25

DNA from 2 parents form 1 chromosome

Question 26

Chiasmata

Answer 26

X-shaped points of contact between two non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during the first meiotic prophase of cell division