Chap. 5

Question 1

Carbohydrates (Polysaccharides) Subgroups

Answer 1

1. Starch
2. Glucose (A and B)
3. Cellulose
4. Chitin

Question 2

Lipids Subgroups

Answer 2

1. Fats
2. Phospholipids
3. Steroids (cholesterol)

Question 3

4 Levels of Protein Structure

Answer 3

1. Primary- Unique sequence of amino acids
2. Secondary- Coils + folds in polypeptide chain
3. Tertiary- Determined by interactions among various side chains (R Groups)
4. Quarternary- Protein consists of multiple polypeptide chains

Question 4

Nucleic Acids Subgroup

Answer 4

1. DNA
2. RNA

Question 5

Components of Nucleotides

Answer 5

1. Phosphate
2. Nitrogenous base
3. Pentose sugar

Question 6

Monosaccharides are classified as:

Answer 6

1. Location of carbonyl group (Aldoses or Ketoses)
2. Number of carbon in carbon skeleton

Question 7

Primary Structure

Answer 7

1. Sequence of amino acids linked together in polypeptide chain
2. Determines shape of protein

Question 8

Secondary Structure

Answer 8

1. Pattern of folding between polypeptide chain (a helix/ B pleated sheet)
2. Sequence of aminos linked together by hydrogen bonds

Question 9

Tertiary

Answer 9

1. 3D folding of protein/ how it folds across itself
2. Van Der Waals/ionic bonds, nonpolar side of chain stick together

Question 10

Quarternary

Answer 10

1. Arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains within a protein

Question 11

mRNA

Answer 11

1. Messenger RNA
2. Starts at nucleus moves to ribosome
3. Func: Makes copy of DNA + delivers code to ribosome

Question 12

tRNA

Answer 12

1. Transfer RNA
2. Stored in cytoplasm
3. Func: Transfer amino acids from cytoplasm to ribosome

Question 13

rRNA

Answer 13

1. Ribosomal RNA
2. Func: Linking amino acids together
3. Forms ribosome

Question 14

Ribosome Function

Answer 14

Link amino acids together due to codons to form polypeptide chains.

Question 15

Codons

Answer 15

1. Sequence of 3 nucleotides
2. Found in mRNA

Question 16

Anticodons

Answer 16

1. Sequence of 3 nucleotides corresponding codons
2. Found in tRNA

Question 17

Polysaccharide in Organisms:

Answer 17

1. Animals- Glycogen
2. Plants- Starch
3. Humans- Glycogen + consume Starch

Question 18

Pyramine (Sugars)

Answer 18

1. Thymine
2. Cytosine
3. Uracil

Question 19

Purine (N Bases)

Answer 19

1. Adenine
2. Guanine

Question 20

Temp. + pH on Protein Structure

Answer 20

Disrupts non-covalent bonds that hold protein in its folding shape, leading to denaturation

Question 21

Fats in Room Temp.

Answer 21

Saturated = Solid
Unsaturated = Liquid

Question 22

Function of Protein

Answer 22

1. Structural support
2. Catalyzing reactions
3. Transportation

Question 23

Function of Carbohydrates

Answer 23

1. Source of energy
2. Some structural support