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Biology I > Chap. 3 + 4 Vocab. > Flashcards

Chap. 3 + 4 Vocab. Flashcards

1
Q

Cohesion

A

Attraction between molecules of same substance

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2
Q

Adhesion

A

Attraction between molecules of different substances

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3
Q

Surface Tension

A

Measure of difficulty to stretch or break surface of a liquid

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4
Q

Polar Molecule

A

Moleculw with uneven distribution of charges in different regions (One end is positive and the other is neg.)

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5
Q

Thermal Energy

A

Total kinetic energy contained within a substance (overall heat of an object, depends on quantity of substnace)

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6
Q

Temperature

A

Measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles within a substance (does not depend on quantity of substance)

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7
Q

Heat

A

Transfer of thermal energy from one object to another due to a temperature difference

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8
Q

Calorie (cal)

A

Measures the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius

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9
Q

Kilocalorie (kcal)

A

1,000 calories

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10
Q

Joule

A

Measure of energy (1j=.239 cal)

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11
Q

Specific Heat

A

Heat required to raise the temperature of a substance

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12
Q

Vaporization

A

Molecules in a liquid stay together, when they move fast enough some depart and leave as gas

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13
Q

Heat of Vaporization

A

Quantity of heat a liquid must absorbs to convert into a gas

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14
Q

Evaporation Cooling

A

Cool air by using the evaporation of water

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15
Q

Solvent

A

Substance dissolving

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16
Q

Solute

A

Substance being dissolved

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17
Q

Solution

A

Result of solute dissolving in solvent

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18
Q

Aqueous Solution

A

Solution where water is solvent

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19
Q

Hydration Shell

A

Layer of water molecules surrounding an ion or molecule in aqueous solution

20
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Affinity for water

21
Q

Hydrophobic

A

No affinity for water

22
Q

Molecular Mass

A

Sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in a molecule

23
Q

Mole

A

Measurement representing a specific number of particles (6.022 x 10^23) of a substance; Quantity of particles

24
Q

Hydrogen Ion (H+)

A

Single proton with one positive charge

25
Q

Hydroxide Ion (OH-)

A

Water molecule that lost a proton; 1 Oxygen with 1 Hydrogen

26
Q

Hydronium Ion

A

Water molecule with extra proton; 1 Oxygen with 3 Hydrogen

27
Q

Acid

A

Substance that increases hydrogen ion of a solution

28
Q

Base

A

Substance that reduces hydrogen ion of a solution

29
Q

Weak Acid

A

Releases donates small portions of hydrogen ions

30
Q

Strong Acid

A

Releases all hydrogen ions

31
Q

Strong Base

A

Releases all hydroxide ions

32
Q

Weak Base

A

Releases small portion of hydroxide ions

33
Q

pH

A

Measure of hydrogen ion

34
Q

Buffer

A

Resist change in pH by absorbing/releasing H+ ion; made of weak acid

35
Q

Organic Chemistry

A

Study of carbon compunds

36
Q

Isomer

A

Same number of atoms of same elements and diff. structures + properties

37
Q

Structural Isomer

A

Compounds with same molecular formula but diff. in covalent arrangements of their atoms

38
Q

Cis-Trans Isomer

A

Same molecular formula + covalent bonds but diff. spacial arrangement in atoms

39
Q

X

A

Atom bonded attached to a double-bonded carbon

40
Q

Enantiomers

A

Compounds that mirror images of each other due to asymmetrical carbon

41
Q

Asymmetrical Carbon

A

Carbon atom bonded to 4 different types of atoms

42
Q

Functional Group

A

Atoms in a molecule that have similar chemical properties in various compounds

43
Q

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

A

Molecule that stores + provides energy for cells in a living organism

44
Q

Mass

A

Amount of matter in an object

45
Q

Volume

A

How much space an object occupies

46
Q

Density

A

How tightly packed that matter is within a volume

Biology I (28 decks)

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