Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology 101 > Ch.8 Digestive System > Flashcards

Ch.8 Digestive System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

lith/o

A

Stone/Calculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chol/e

A

Bile, gall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cyst/o

A

Sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Peps/o

A

Digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Phag/o

A

Eat or swallow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Rrhexis

A

burst or rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Rrhaphy

A

Surgical suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Rrhea

A

Flow/discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Emisis

A

Vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Iasis

A

presence/formation of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Phagia

A

Swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Algia

A

pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pepsia

A

digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

o/stomy

A

permenant opening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

oid

A

like or resembling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dia

A

through/complete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Or/o, stomat/o

A

mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

col/o, colon/o

A

large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

an/o proct/o rect/o hepato

A

Rectum and anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Hepat/o

A

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pancreat/o

A

Pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

an/o

A

anus, ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Chol/e

A

bile, gall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

lithalsas

A

presence of stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

-pepsia

A

digest, digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

sigmoid

A

sigmoid colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

aerophagia

A

excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking, and is a common cause of gas in the stomach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures; plural, anatomose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

antiemetic

A

Medication administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

aphthous ulcers

A

Gray-white pits with a red border that appear in the soft tissues lining the mouth; also known as canker sores or mouth ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

ascites

A

An abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

bariatrics

A

he branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

borborygmus

A

rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

cachexia

A

condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

celiac disease

A

inherited autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to food containing gluten; also known as gluten intolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

cheilosis

A

disorder of the lips characterized by cracklike sores at the corners of the mouth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

xerostomia

A

lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands; also known as dry mouth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

volvulus

A

Twisting of the intestine upon itself, causing an obstruction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

cholangiography

A

adiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

cholangitis

A

acute inflammation of the bile duct characterized by pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, fever, and jaundice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

cholecystectomy

A

The surgical removal of the gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder; usually associated with gallstones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

choledocholithotomy

A

An incision into the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

cholelithiasis

A

The presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

cirrhosis

A

A progressive degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

colonoscopy

A

direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon, from the rectum to the cecum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

colostomy

A

The surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however, it is most often found in the ileum and in the colon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

dental prophylaxis

A

The professional cleaning of the teeth to remove plaque and calculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

diverticulitis

A

nflammation or infection of one or more diverticula in the colon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

diverticulosis

A

The chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula in the colon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

dyspepsia

A

Pain or discomfort in digestion; also known as indigestion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

dysphagia

A

Difficulty in swallowing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

enema

A

The placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

enteritis

A

Inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

eructation

A

The act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

esophageal varices

A

Enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

A

An endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract; this includes the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

gastroduodenostomy

A

The establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease

A

The upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus; also known as GERD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

gastrostomy tube

A

The surgical placement of a feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly into the stomach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

hematemesis

A

The vomiting of blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Hemoccult test

A

A laboratory test for hidden blood in the stools; also known as fecal occult blood test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver usually caused by a viral infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

herpes labialis

A

Blisterlike sores on the lips and adjacent tissue caused by the oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); also known as cold sores or fever blisters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

hiatal hernia

A

An anatomical abnormality in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest though an opening in the diaphragm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

hyperemesis

A

Extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

ileus

A

The partial or complete blockage of the small intestine, large intestine, or both caused by the stopping of normal peristalsis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

inguinal hernia

A

The protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

jaundice

A

A yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes caused by greater-than-normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

leukoplakia

A

An abnormal white precancerous lesion (sore) that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

melena

A

The passage of black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools that is caused by the presence of digested blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

morbid obesity

A

The condition of weighing two or more times the ideal weight or having a body mass index value greater than 40; also known as severe obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

nasogastric intubation

A

The placement of a feeding tube through the nose and into the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

obesity

A

An excessive accumulation of fat in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

palatoplasty

A

The surgical repair of a cleft palate or cleft lip.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

peptic ulcers

A

Sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylorior by medications, such as aspirin, that irritate the mucous membranes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

peristalsis

A

A series of wavelike contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction that moves the food forward into the digestive system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

polyp

A

A mushroomlike growth from the surface of a mucous membrane; not all polyps are malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

proctologist

A

physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

regurgitation

A

return of swallowed food into the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

salmonellosis

A

infectious disease of the intestines that is transmitted by food contaminated with feces; also referred to as salmonella.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

sigmoidoscopy

A

ndoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

trismus

A

Any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

A chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation.

92
Q

volvulus

A

Twisting of the intestine upon itself, causing an obstruction.

93
Q

xerostomia

A

lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands; also known as dry mouth.

94
Q

Stomatomycosis

A

any disease of the mouth due to a fungus

95
Q

Oral Thrush

A

a type of stomatomycosis that develops when the fungus Candida albicans grows out of control

96
Q

cleft lip

A

also known as a harelip, is a birth defect in which there is a deep groove of the lip running upward to the nose as a result of the failure of this portion of the lip to close during prenatal development

97
Q

cleft palate

A

failure of the palate to close during the early development of the fetus

98
Q

Bruxism

A

the involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth that usually occurs during sleep and is associated with tension or stress

99
Q

Dental caries

A

also known as tooth decay or a cavity, is an infectious disease caused by bacteria that destroy the enamel and dentin of the tooth

100
Q

Dental plaque

A

which is a major cause of dental caries and periodontal disease, forms as soft deposits in sheltered areas near the gums and between the teeth. Dental plaque consists of bacteria and bacterial by-products.

101
Q

Edentulous

A

means without teeth. This term describes the situation after the natural permanent teeth have been lost

102
Q

Halitosis

A

also known as bad breath, is an unpleasant odor coming from the mouth that can be caused by dental diseases or respiratory or gastric disorders

103
Q

Malocclusion

A

any deviation from the normal positioning of the upper teeth against the lower teeth

104
Q

Periodontal disease

A

also known as periodontitis, is an inflammation of the tissues that surround and support the teeth

105
Q

Dental calculus

A

also known as tartar, is dental plaque that has calcified (hardened) on the teeth. These deposits irritate the surrounding tissues and cause increasingly serious periodontal diseases

106
Q

Gingivitis

A

the earliest stage of periodontal disease, and the inflammation affects only the gums

107
Q

Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

A

also known as trench mouth, is caused by the abnormal growth of bacteria in the mouth. As this condition progresses, the inflammation, bleeding, deep ulceration, and the death of gum tissue become more severe

108
Q

Dysphagia

A

is difficulty in swallowing

109
Q

Eosinophilic esophagitis

A

a chronic immune system disease in which a type of white blood cell called an eosinophil builds up in the esophagus, usually as the result of an allergy to certain foods

110
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

A

also known as GERD, is the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus

111
Q

Barrett’s esophagus

A

a condition that occurs when the cells in the epithelial tissue of the esophagus are damaged by chronic acid exposure. Some patients with chronic GERD develop this complication, which slightly increases the risk of esophageal cancer.

112
Q

stricture

A

the esophagus resulting from scar tissue or other damage can cause swallowing difficulties

113
Q

Pyrosis

A

also known as heartburn, is the burning sensation caused by the return of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus

114
Q

Esophageal varices

A

are enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus

115
Q

hiatal hernia

A

an anatomical abnormality in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm

116
Q

Gastritis

A

a common inflammation of the stomach lining that is often caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori

117
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the stomach and intestines

118
Q

Gastroparesis

A

a condition in which the muscles in the stomach slow down and work poorly or not at all, preventing the stomach from emptying normally

119
Q

Gastrorrhea

A

the excessive secretion of gastric juice or mucus in the stomach

120
Q

Peptic ulcers

A

sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system (pept means digestion, and -ic means pertaining to). Peptic ulcers are caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori or by medications, such as aspirin, that irritate the mucous membranes

121
Q

Anorexia

A

is the loss of appetite for food, especially when caused by disease. Anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders are discussed under “Mental Health”

122
Q

Cachexia

A

a condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS. Although these patients might be eating enough food, their bodies are unable to absorb enough nutrients

123
Q

Dehydration

A

a condition in which fluid loss exceeds fluid intake and disrupts the body’s normal electrolyte balance

124
Q

Malnutrition

A

a lack of proper food or nutrients in the body due to a shortage of food, poor eating habits, or the inability of the body to digest, absorb, and distribute these nutrients. Mal- is a prefix meaning bad or poor.

125
Q

Malabsorption

A

a condition in which the small intestine cannot absorb nutrients from food that passes through it

126
Q

body mass index (BMI)

A

a number that shows body weight adjusted for height. The results fall into one of these categories: underweight, normal, overweight, or obese.

127
Q

Comorbidity

A

describes the presence of more than one disease or health condition in an individual at a given time

128
Q

Aerophagia

A

is the excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking and is a common cause of gas in the stomach

129
Q

Dyspepsia

A

also known as indigestion, is pain or discomfort in digestion

130
Q

Emesis

A

also known as vomiting, is the reflex ejection of the stomach contents outward through the mouth. Emesis is used either as a standalone term or as the suffix -emesis

131
Q

Eructation

A

the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach

132
Q

Nausea

A

he urge to vomit

133
Q

Regurgitation

A

the return of swallowed food into the mouth

134
Q

Gluten intolerance

A

known as non-celiac gluten sensitivity, is a response to gluten involving digestive distress but not causing the intestinal tissue damage of celiac disease

135
Q

food allergy

A

immune system reaction that occurs after eating a certain food

136
Q

Lactose intolerance

A

the inability to digest dairy products due to the absence of the enzyme lactase, which is needed to process the sugar (lactose) found in milk and some other dairy products

137
Q

Colorectal carcinoma

A

commonly known as colon cancer, often first manifests itself in polyps in the colon

138
Q

polyp

A

a mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane. Not all polyps are malignant.

139
Q

Diverticulosis

A

the chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula in the colon

140
Q

diverticulum

A

a small pouch, or sac, found in the lining or wall of a tubular organ such as the colon

141
Q

Diverticulitis

A

which sometimes develops as a result of diverticulosis, is the inflammation or infection of one or more diverticulum in the colon

142
Q

anal fissure

A

small crack-like sore in the skin of the anus that can cause severe pain during a bowel movement. As used here, a fissure is a groove or crack-like sore of the skin

143
Q

Bowel incontinence

A

the inability to control the excretion of feces. Urinary incontinence is discussed in

144
Q

Constipation

A

defined as having a bowel movement fewer than three times per week. With constipation, stools are usually hard, dry, small in size, and difficult to eliminate. Constipation can be caused by a lack of fiber in the diet, disease, a side effect of certain drugs, and (especially in women) pelvic floor dysfunction. Pelvic floor dysfunction is the lack of coordination of the muscles needed for the rectum to straighten and the anal sphincter to relax

145
Q

Diarrhea

A

an abnormally frequent flow of loose or watery stools and can lead to dehydration

146
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

occur when a cluster of veins, muscles, and tissues slip near or through the anal opening. These veins can become inflamed, resulting in pain, fecal leakage, itching, and bleeding.

147
Q

rectocele

A

a bulging of the front wall of the rectum into the vagina, usually as the result of childbirth or pregnancy

148
Q

Hematochezia

A

the presence of bright red blood in the stool. This bright red color usually indicates that the blood is coming from the lower part of the gastrointestinal tract

149
Q

Melena

A

contrast to hematochezia, is the passage of black, tarry, foul-smelling stools. This appearance of the stools is caused by the presence of digested blood and often indicates bleeding in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract

150
Q

Steatorrhea

A

he presence of excess fat in the stool (steat/o means fat, and -rrhea means flow or discharge). This condition, which results in frothy, foul-smelling stools, is usually caused by pancreatic disease, the removal of the gallbladder, or malabsorption disorders

151
Q

Ascites

A

n abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity. This condition is usually the result of severe liver disease creating pressure on the liver’s blood vessels. As used here, the term serous means a substance having a watery consistency

152
Q

Hepatomegaly

A

is the abnormal enlargement of the liver (hepat/o means liver, and -megaly means enlargement

153
Q

Cirrhosis

A

chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring

154
Q

nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

A

describes the accumulation of fat in the liver of people who drink little or no alcohol. Those with this condition, which usually has no signs or symptoms, are most often individuals who are obese, have type 2

155
Q

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

A

a more serious form of this condition because it consists of fatty accumulations plus liver-damaging inflammation

156
Q

Cholangitis

A

an acute inflammation of the bile duct characterized by pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, fever, and jaundice

157
Q

Cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with gallstones blocking the flow of bile

158
Q

gallstone

A

also known as a cholelith, is a hard deposit formed in the gallbladder and bile ducts due to the concretion of bile components

159
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts

160
Q

anastomosis

A

connecting two hollow organs

161
Q

Abdominal computed tomography

A

a radiographic procedure that produces a detailed cross-section of the tissue structure within the abdomen, showing, for example, the presence of a tumor or obstruction

162
Q

abdominal ultrasound

A

noninvasive test used to visualize internal organs by using very high- frequency sound waves

163
Q

Cholangiography

A

a radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium This test is used to identify obstructions in the liver or bile ducts that slow or block the flow of bile from the liver. The resulting record is a cholangiogram.

164
Q

enema

A

placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity

165
Q

upper GI seriesand a lower GI series

A

radiographic studies to examine the digestive system. A contrast medium is required to make these structures visible. A barium swallow is used for the upper GI series, and a barium enema is used for the lower GI series

166
Q

Stool samples

A

specimens of feces that are examined for content and characteristics. For example, fatty stools might indicate the presence of pancreatic disease

167
Q

endoscope

A

an instrument used for an endoscopy, a visual examination of internal structures

168
Q

anoscopy

A

the visual examination of the anal canal and lower rectum

169
Q

capsule endoscopy

A

the use of a tiny video camera in a capsule that the patient swallows

170
Q

colonoscopy

A

the direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum using a colonoscopethe direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum using a colonoscope

171
Q

virtual colonoscopy

A

small, flexible tube is inserted into the rectum and an MRI or CT machine is used to produce two- and three-dimensional images of the colon. The preparation, which requires that the bowels be completely emptied, is the same for both of these types of colonoscopy and the sigmoidoscopy

172
Q

sigmoidoscopy

A

he endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon

173
Q

Hemoccult® test

A

fecal occult blood test, is a laboratory test for hidden blood in stool

174
Q

Cologuard®

A

a recently developed, noninvasive, collect-at-home stool test that uses DNA testing along with screening for hidden blood to determine the potential presence of colorectal cancer

175
Q

Antioxidants

A

hemicals such as vitamins A, C, and E; carotene; and lutein that may prevent or delay cell damage by blocking the activity of potentially harmful chemicals called free radicals

176
Q

Probiotics

A

living microorganisms sometimes described as “good” bacteria because of their role in aiding digestion and protecting the body from harmful bacteria

177
Q

Prebiotics

A

the nondigestible carbohydrates that probiotics feed on. Foods such as yogurt, some dairy drinks, and supplements contain both probiotics and prebiotics

178
Q

Antacids

A

which neutralize the acids in the stomach, are taken to relieve the discomfort of conditions such as pyrosis or to help peptic ulcers heal

179
Q

Proton pump inhibitors

A

decrease the amount of acid produced by the stomach. These medications are used to treat the symptoms of GERD

180
Q

antiemetic

A

a medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting

181
Q

Laxatives

A

medications or foods given to stimulate bowel movements.

182
Q

Antimotility

A

drugs and antacids are among the over-the-counter medications used to treat diarrhea and upset stomach

183
Q

Intravenous fluids

A

administered to combat the effects of dehydration

184
Q

Oral rehydration therapy

A

a treatment in which a solution of electrolytes is administered in a liquid preparation to counteract the dehydration that can accompany diarrhea, especially in young children

185
Q

dental implant

A

the anchoring of a crown, bridge, or denture to the bone of the jaw. Crowns, bridges, and dentures can also be placed in the mouth without being anchored to the jaw

186
Q

crown

A

metal or porcelain alloy cap shaped like a damaged tooth cemented over the remaining tooth structure. CAD-CAM (computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing) devices are now able to create crowns in the dental office instead of the traditional method of having these prosthetics made in an outside lab. Note: The word crown also refers to the portion of the tooth visible in the mouth

187
Q

bridge

A

fixed dental prosthesis used to join one or more artificial teeth to the adjacent teeth

188
Q

denture

A

a plate holding one or more replacement teeth. Conventional dentures, also known as a full or partial set of false teeth, are removable

189
Q

root canal

A

refers both to the pulp cavity in the root of the tooth and to a procedure in which diseased or damaged pulp in the root canal is removed in order to save the tooth. After it is free of infection, the cavity is filled with a protective substance and sealed

190
Q

gingivectomy

A

the surgical removal of diseased gingival tissue

191
Q

Maxillofacial surgery

A

is specialized surgery of the face and jaws to correct deformities, treat diseases, and repair injuries.

192
Q

Palatoplasty

A

surgical repair of a cleft palate, also used to refer to the repair of a cleft lip

193
Q

gastrectomy

A

is the surgical removal of all or a part of the stomach

194
Q

Nasogastric intubation

A

he placement of a feeding tube through the nose and into the stomach

195
Q

gastrostomy tube

A

a surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly into the stomach (gastr means stomach, and -ostomy means surgically creating an opening). This is also known as a G-tube, and it is permanently placed to provide nutrition for patients who cannot swallow or take sufficient nutrients by mouth

196
Q

Total parenteral nutrition

A

is administered to patients who cannot or should not get their nutrition through eating. All of the patient’s nutritional requirements are met through a specialized solution administered intravenously.

197
Q

Bariatric surgery

A

performed to treat morbid obesity by restricting the amount of food that can enter the stomach and be digested. These procedures limit food intake and force dietary changes that enable weight reduction

198
Q

Gastric bypass surgery

A

also known as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, makes the stomach smaller by stapling a section to create a small pouch and causes food to bypass the first part of the small intestine. This procedure, which is the most common bariatric surgery, is not reversible and carries some risk of complications

199
Q

lap-band adjustable gastric bandinglap-band adjustable gastric banding (LAGB)

A

procedure involves placing an inflatable band around the exterior of the stomach to restrict the amount of food that can enter (Figure 8.20). This procedure has the advantage of being reversible through the removal of the band

200
Q

Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty

A

one of several endoscopic options for bariatric surgeries requiring general anesthesia. In this procedure, the stomach is sutured to make it into a small tube, reducing its capacity significantly

201
Q

colectomy

A

the surgical removal of all or part of the colon

202
Q

colotomy

A

a surgical incision into the colon

203
Q

diverticulectomy

A

the surgical removal of a diverticulum

204
Q

gastroduodenostomy

A

the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum

205
Q

ileectomy

A

the surgical removal of the ileum

206
Q

ileostomy

A

the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the ileum, at the end of the small intestine, and the outside of the abdominal wall

207
Q

colostomy

A

the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface

208
Q

hemorrhoidectomy

A

the surgical removal of hemorrhoids

209
Q

Proctopexy

A

the surgical fixation of a prolapsed rectum to an adjacent tissue or organ

210
Q

hepatectomy

A

the surgical removal of all or part of the liver

211
Q

liver transplant

A

an option for a patient whose liver has failed for a reason other than liver cancer. Because liver tissue regenerates, a partial liver transplant, in which only part of the organ is donated, can be adequate. A partial liver can be donated by a living donor whose blood and tissue types match

212
Q

choledocholithotomy

A

an incision into the common bile duct for the removal of a gallstone

213
Q

cholecystectomy

A

the surgical removal of the gallbladder

214
Q

BMI

A

Body Mass Index

215
Q

COL

A

Colonoscopy

216
Q

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

A

EGD

217
Q

reflux gastroesophagealdisease

A

GERD

218
Q

gastrointestinal

A

Gl

219
Q

inguinal hernia

A

IH

220
Q

IBD

A

inflammatory bowel disease

221
Q

IBS

A

irritable bowel syndrome

222
Q

NG tube

A

nasogastric tube

223
Q

PUD

A

peptic ulcer disease

224
Q

total parenteral nutrition

A

TPN

225
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

UC

Medical Terminology 101 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions